Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v3 - Junior Secondary 1
Ball games - Soccer - Volleyball
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Ball games - Soccer - Volleyball
Download the Lessonotes Mobile Nigeria 2025 app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Physical & Health Education
Class: Junior Secondary 1
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 5
Theme: Sports And Games
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narrate the history and development of volley ball and soccer; describe volleyball and soccer; demonstrate the techniques and skills in volved in playing the games; apply the rules and regulations governing the games; List the of ficials of the games and the ir functions; List the facilities/equipment use during the games and the ir dimensions; List the safety measures in soccer and volleyball.
Instruction to Teacher: Present these questions orally or write them on the board. Allow students to attempt answers, then discuss the solutions as a class, reinforcing understanding.
Question 1 (History & Description): Describe the origin of volleyball and explain its main objective.
Solution: Volleyball was invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA, initially called "Mintonette." Its main objective is for two teams to score points by grounding a ball on the opposing team's side of the court, using a maximum of three touches per side to send the ball over a net, while preventing the opponent from doing the same.
Commentary: This question assesses the student's recall of historical facts and fundamental understanding of the game's purpose (Performance Objective 1 & 2).
Question 2 (Techniques & Rules): Imagine you are playing soccer and the ball goes out over the sideline. What action should be taken to restart the game, and describe how it should be performed?
Solution: When the ball goes out over the sideline in soccer, a throw-in should be taken.
How to perform: The player taking the throw-in must face the field of play, use both hands to throw the ball from behind and over their head, and keep both feet on the ground, on or behind the sideline, at the moment the ball is released.
Commentary: This assesses knowledge of a basic soccer rule and the correct technique for its execution (Performance Objective 3 & 4).
Question 3 (Officials & Functions): List two key officials in a soccer match and briefly explain one primary function for each.
Solution: Referee: One primary function is to enforce the Laws of the Game by making decisions on fouls, penalties, and overall match control.
Assistant Referee (Linesman): One primary function is to indicate when the ball has gone out of play over the touchline or goal line, and to signal offside infractions.
Commentary: This targets the identification of game officials and their specific duties, which is crucial for understanding game management (Performance Objective 5).
Question 4 (Facilities & Safety): Name two important pieces of safety equipment a soccer player must wear and explain why they are necessary.
Solution: Shin Guards: They are necessary to protect the shins from impacts, kicks, or collisions, which can cause severe injuries like fractures or deep bruises. Appropriate Football Boots (with studs/cleats): These are necessary to provide good grip on the playing surface, preventing slips and falls that could lead to ankle sprains or other injuries, especially on grass or soft ground.
Commentary: This assesses knowledge of essential safety measures and the reasoning behind them, promoting safe participation (Performance Objective 7). --- Soccer (Football)
Origin: The modern game of soccer originated in England in the mid-19th century, although various forms of kicking a ball into a goal have existed for centuries across different cultures. The Football Association (FA) was formed in England in 1863, establishing the first set of unified rules.
Development: The game rapidly spread globally, becoming the world's most popular sport.
FIFA: The Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) was founded in Paris in 1904 to govern international football. It organizes the FIFA World Cup, the most prestigious football tournament globally, held every four years.
Nigerian Context: Football was introduced to Nigeria by British colonialists in the early 20th century. The Nigeria Football Federation (NFF), formerly the Nigeria Football Association (NFA), governs football in Nigeria. Nigeria has a rich football history, with national teams (Super Eagles, Super Falcons) and a professional league (NPFL) widely followed and celebrated.
Volleyball Origin: Invented in 1895 by William G. Morgan, a YMCA physical education director in Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA. He called the new game "Mintonette." It was designed as a less strenuous alternative to basketball for older members, combining elements of basketball, baseball, tennis, and handball.
Development: The name was changed to "Volley Ball" after a spectator observed the volleying nature of the game. It quickly gained popularity in YMCA facilities and spread internationally.
FIVB: The Fédération Internationale de Volleyball (FIVB) was founded in Paris in 1947 to govern international volleyball. It oversees world championships and Olympic volleyball tournaments.
Nigerian Context: Volleyball gained popularity in Nigeria through schools, colleges, and military institutions. The Nigerian Volleyball Federation (NVBF) is the governing body for volleyball in Nigeria, promoting the sport through national leagues and championships.
Soccer: Objective: Two teams of eleven players each try to score by kicking or heading a ball into the opposing team's goal. The team with more goals at the end of the game wins.
Basic Play: Players primarily use their feet, head, and chest to control and pass the ball. Only the goalkeeper is allowed to use their hands within their designated penalty area.
Duration: Typically two halves of 45 minutes each, with a 15-minute half-time interval.
Volleyball: Objective: Two teams, usually of six players each, are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the opposing team's side of the court, while preventing the opponent from doing the same.
Basic Play: Players hit the ball over the net using their hands or arms. Each team is allowed a maximum of three contacts (touches) with the ball to return it over the net to the opponent's side, excluding a block. The ball must not hit the ground within the court.
Scoring: Rally scoring is used, meaning a point is scored on every rally, regardless of which team served. Games are typically played to 25 points, requiring a two-point lead, usually best of three or five sets.
Soccer Skills: Kicking: Instep Kick: Used for power shots (shooting, long passes). The player strikes the ball with the top of the foot (laces).
Technique:* Approach the ball at an angle, plant non-kicking foot beside the ball, swing kicking leg back and then forward, striking the center of the ball with the laces, follow through towards the target.
Push Pass (Inside of the Foot Pass): Used for accuracy and short passes. The player strikes the ball with the inside of the foot.
Technique:* Plant non-kicking foot beside the ball, turn kicking foot outwards, strike the middle of the ball with the inside of the foot, follow through in the direction of the pass.
Dribbling: Moving with the ball by taking small touches, keeping it under control.
Technique:* Keep the ball close, use inside and outside of the foot alternately, keep eyes up to observe opponents and teammates, use soft touches.
Trapping (Controlling the Ball): Bringing a moving ball under control.
Technique (Sole Trap):* Place the sole of the foot gently on top of the ball as it arrives, absorbing its momentum.
Technique (Inside/Outside Trap):* Use the inside or outside of the foot, slightly lifting it to cushion the ball's impact.
Heading (Basic): Using the forehead to control or pass the ball. (Emphasize safety, especially for JSS1).
Technique: Eye on the ball, jump if necessary, strike the ball with the forehead (not the top or back of the head), use neck muscles to generate power, follow through. Teacher should emphasize proper technique and only soft, controlled headers in practice.* Goalkeeping (Basic Saves): Technique (Catching):* Position hands behind the ball, fingers spread, thumbs almost touching, catch the ball cleanly.
Technique (Parrying):* Push the ball away from the goal if it's too powerful to catch, directing it to the sides or over the bar.
Technique (Diving):* Fall towards the ball, extend hands, use body to block the shot.
Volleyball Skills: Underhand Serve: A basic serving technique suitable for beginners.
Technique:* Hold the ball in one hand (non-dominant) at waist height, step forward with the opposite foot, swing the dominant arm backward like a pendulum, strike the ball cleanly with the heel of the open palm or fist, aiming over the net.
Forearm Pass (Bump): Used to receive serves or hard-driven balls.
Technique:* Assume a ready stance (knees bent, feet shoulder-width apart), join hands together (one hand over the other, thumbs pointing down), extend arms straight, contact the ball with the forearms, absorb impact by bending knees, direct the ball upwards and towards the target.
Overhead Pass (Set): Used to direct the ball to an attacker for a spike.
Technique:* Get under the ball, form a "window" with fingers and thumbs above the forehead, watch the ball through the window, push the ball upwards with fingertips and wrists, extending arms and legs simultaneously.
Spike (Basic Introduction): An attacking hit to drive the ball powerfully over the net.
Technique: (Simple explanation for JSS1) Approach the net, jump, extend arm to hit the ball with an open palm downwards and over the net. Focus on the concept rather than full execution for beginners.* Block (Basic Introduction): Defending at the net to stop an opponent's spike.
Technique:* (Simple explanation for JSS1) Stand at the net, jump straight up, hands together and fingers spread, arms extended to form a barrier above the net.
Community Engagement and Social Cohesion: Application: Ball games like soccer and volleyball are integral to Nigerian community life. Students can apply their knowledge by participating in local inter-house sports competitions, community youth leagues, or friendly matches in their neighbourhoods. This fosters a sense of belonging, strengthens community bonds, and provides healthy recreational outlets, reducing engagement in negative vices.
Local Context: Many Nigerian communities have local football pitches or open spaces where children and adults play. Students can use their understanding of rules and safety to organize or participate in these games responsibly, contributing positively to local sports culture. Observing local matches also becomes more meaningful when rules and official roles are understood. Health, Fitness, and Lifestyle Choices: Application: The physical activities involved in soccer and volleyball (running, jumping, hand-eye coordination) are excellent for promoting cardiovascular health, muscular strength, agility, and overall physical fitness. Students can integrate these games into their lifestyle to combat sedentary habits and maintain a healthy weight.
Local Context: In a society facing increasing rates of obesity and non-communicable diseases, encouraging active participation in sports like these is vital. Students can become advocates for active living among their peers and family members, applying the learned safety measures to prevent injuries during recreational play in local fields or school premises. Career Pathways and Entrepreneurship in Sports: Application: While direct professional play is for a select few, understanding these games can open doors to various career and entrepreneurial opportunities in the Nigerian sports industry. This includes roles as coaches, referees/umpires, sports journalists, sports administrators, or even event organizers for local tournaments.
Local Context: Nigeria has a vibrant sports industry, particularly in football. Students with a strong grasp of the rules and technical aspects could aspire to become certified referees through bodies like the Nigerian Referees Association, contribute to local sports clubs, or even start small businesses selling sports equipment or organizing community tournaments. This provides a tangible link between education and economic opportunities. ---