Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v3 - Junior Secondary 2
Materials, Tools and Equipment used in Craft making.
Download the Lessonotes Mobile Nigeria 2025 app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Materials, Tools and Equipment used in Craft making.
Download the Lessonotes Mobile Nigeria 2025 app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Cultural and Creative Arts
Class: Junior Secondary 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 2
Theme: Arts And Crafts
This page supports the lesson note with a companion video and a short classroom-ready summary.
For class groups and homework, share this lesson page so learners also get the summary, objectives, and full lesson context.
list materials used for the following Crafts: • Paper Craft • Fabric • Moulded • Carved • Woven list To ols and Equipment for Craft production.
intricate carvings, decorative items, and jewellery. Ivory (historical context, illegal today): Historically used for highly prized carvings, now ethically sourced alternatives or protected.
Woven Craft: This involves interlacing two or more sets of threads or strips of material, typically at right angles, to form a fabric or structure.
Description: Woven crafts use flexible strands or fibres that are interlaced to create textiles, baskets, mats, and other functional or decorative items. Examples of Materials (with Nigerian relevance): Raffia: Fibres from raffia palm leaves, extensively used for mats, baskets, hats, bags, and traditional costumes across Nigeria.
Cane/Bamboo Strips: Sturdy plant materials used for furniture, baskets, and decorative screens.
Cotton/Wool/Silk Yarn: For textile weaving (e.g., Aso-Oke, traditional blankets), knitting, crocheting.
Jute/Sisal Fibres: Strong, coarse fibres used for bags, ropes, and matting.
Plastic Strips: For modern basketry and recycling crafts.
Palm Fronds: Used for simple mats and temporary shelters. 2.3 Tools and Equipment for Craft Production: Tools are handheld implements used to perform a specific task, while equipment refers to larger, often powered machines or apparatuses used in the production process.
Tools (General and Specific): Cutting Tools: Scissors: For cutting paper, fabric, thread. Available in various sizes (e.g., craft scissors, fabric shears).
Craft Knife/Utility Knife: For precise cutting of paper, cardboard, and light materials.
Chisels/Gouges: For carving wood or stone, removing material in various shapes.
Files/Rasps: For shaping, smoothing, and removing excess material from wood, metal, or stone.
Saws: Hand saws for cutting wood, coping saws for intricate curves.
Measuring Tools: Ruler/Measuring Tape: For accurate measurements of length and width.
Set Square/Protractor: For drawing angles and perpendicular lines.
Marking Tools: Pencils: For drawing designs, marking cuts on various materials.
Chalk/Tailor's Chalk: For marking fabric.
Awl/Punch: For piercing holes in leather, fabric, or paper.
Shaping/Modelling Tools: Modelling Tools (Clay): Wooden, plastic, or metal tools for sculpting, smoothing, and detailing clay (e.g., wire cutters, loop tools, wooden ribs).
Mallet/Hammer: Used with chisels for carving, or for joining parts in some crafts.
Pliers/Wire Cutters: For bending, shaping, and cutting wires in jewellery making or mixed media crafts.
Joining Tools: Needles: Hand needles for sewing fabric, embroidery, beadwork.
Stapler: For fastening paper or light fabric.
Glue Gun: For applying hot glue rapidly to various materials.
Finishing Tools: Sandpaper/Emery Cloth: For smoothing rough surfaces on wood, carved items, or moulded pieces.
Paint Brushes: For applying paints, varnishes, or glazes.
Equipment (Larger Apparatuses): Sewing Machine: For stitching fabric quickly and efficiently in fabric crafts (domestic or industrial).
Potter's Wheel: For shaping clay symmetrically in pottery (manual or electric).
Kiln: A high-temperature oven used to fire (harden) clay objects, making them durable and permanent.
Loom: A frame or machine used for weaving threads or fibres to create fabric, mats, or baskets (handloom or power loom).
Grinding Machine: For polishing or shaping harder materials like stone or metal (less common in JSS2, but relevant for advanced crafts).
Drilling Machine: For making holes in harder materials like wood or metal.
Worked Example for Understanding: Question: A local artisan in Oyo State is making a traditional wooden stool (Apona Ifa). Identify three materials and two tools he would likely use.
Solution: Materials: Iroko wood (for the stool body), Sandpaper (for smoothing), Wood stain/varnish (for finishing).
Tools: Chisel (for carving intricate designs), Mallet (to strike the chisel), Hand saw (to cut the wood to size), File/Rasp (for shaping). * Reasoning: Iroko is a common hard Nigerian wood for carving. Chisels and mallets are fundamental for wood carving. Sandpaper and stain are used for finishing. This section provides a detailed explanation of the core concepts: "craft," "materials," "tools," and "equipment," with specific examples relevant to craft making in Nigeria. 2.1 Definition of Craft: A craft is an activity involving skill in making things by hand. It often results in the production of functional or decorative items. Craft making in Nigeria encompasses a wide range of activities, from traditional pottery and weaving to contemporary paper art and fabric designs. 2.2 Materials Used in Craft Making: Materials are the raw substances or components from which a craft item is made. They are transformed through various processes using tools and equipment. Different crafts require specific types of materials.
Paper Craft: This involves using paper as the primary material to create various items.
Description: Paper crafts utilise sheets of paper or cardboard, often combined with adhesives and decorative elements.
Examples of Materials: Plain Paper: For origami, paper mache, cutting.
Cardboard/Cardstock: For greeting cards, boxes, structural components.
Construction Paper: For colourful cut-outs and collages.
Crepe Paper: For paper flowers, decorative textures.
Newspaper/Magazines: For paper mache, collages, recycling projects.
Adhesives: Glue (PVA, UHU, craft glue), masking tape, double-sided tape.
Decorative Elements: Beads, glitter, ribbons, coloured thread.
Fabric Craft: This involves working with various types of cloth or textile.
Description: Fabric crafts use woven or non-woven textiles that are cut, sewn, embellished, or arranged to create garments, decorative items, or accessories. Examples of Materials (with Nigerian relevance): Ankara Fabric: Widely used for clothing, bags, accessories, patchwork, and home decor.
Adire/Kampala Fabric: Traditional tie-dyed or resist-dyed fabrics from Yoruba land, used for clothing and decorative panels.
Aso-Oke Fabric: Hand-woven traditional fabric, often used for celebratory garments and decorative items.
Brocade/Lace Fabric: Used for elaborate garments, especially in festive attire.
Plain Cotton/Polyester Fabric: For general sewing, quilting, soft toys, and other fabric manipulations.
Threads: Cotton, polyester, silk threads for sewing, embroidery.
Wadding/Stuffing: For soft toys, cushions, padded items.
Fasteners: Buttons, zippers, hooks and eyes.
Moulded Craft: This involves shaping a pliable material into a desired form using hands or a mould.
Description: Moulded crafts utilise materials that can be easily shaped while wet or soft, which then harden or retain their form when dry or set. Examples of Materials (with Nigerian relevance): Clay: Natural earth material, especially common in pottery (e.g., traditional pots, plates, figurines in villages across Nigeria).
Plaster of Paris: A white powdery material that hardens rapidly when mixed with water, used for sculptures, casts, and relief work.
Dough/Salt Dough: Simple mixture of flour, salt, and water, used for making simple decorative ornaments or models (e.g., for children's crafts).
Wax: For candle making, small sculptures, or models.
Paper Mache Pulp: Pulp made from shredded paper and glue, used for lightweight, durable sculptures.
Water: Essential for making clay or plaster pliable.
Carved Craft: This involves removing material from a solid block to reveal a form or design.
Description: Carved crafts use solid materials from which portions are cut, chipped, or scraped away to create a desired shape or image. Examples of Materials (with Nigerian relevance): Wood: Widely available in Nigeria (e.g., Iroko, Mahogany, Ebony, Teak). Used for masks, figurines, furniture, talking drums, doors, and intricate panels.
Calabash: The dried shell of a gourds plant, common in Northern and Western Nigeria for bowls, containers, musical instruments, and decorative carvings.
Soapstone/Soft Stone: Easily carved stone used for sculptures and ornamental items.
Bone/Horn: From animal remains, used for small intricate carvings, decorative items, and jewellery. Ivory (historical context, illegal today): Historically used for highly prized carvings, now ethically sourced alternatives or protected.
Woven Craft: This involves interlacing two or more sets of threads or strips of material, typically at right angles, to form a fabric or structure.
Description: Woven crafts use flexible strands or fibres that are interlaced to create textiles, baskets, mats, and other functional or decorative items. Examples of Materials (with Nigerian relevance): Raffia: Fibres from raffia palm leaves, extensively used for mats, baskets, This section outlines the step-by-step activities for the teacher and students to ensure an engaging and comprehensive lesson delivery. 3.1 Introduction (10 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Begins by reviewing the previous lesson on "What is Craft?" by asking students to define craft and give examples of crafts they see daily in their community (e.g., local pottery, woven mats, carved calabashes).
Introduces the topic: "Materials, Tools and Equipment used in Craft making," explaining its relevance to understanding how these crafts are made. Displays visual aids (pictures or actual samples if available) of various craft items and asks students to guess what they are made of.
Student Activity: Respond to review questions and share examples of crafts. Observe visual aids and participate in the guessing game. Listen attentively to the introduction of the new topic. 3.2 Presentation of Content (25 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Materials Explanation: Explains what materials are in craft making. Goes through each craft category (Paper, Fabric, Moulded, Carved, Woven) one by one. For each category, lists and explains specific materials, showing actual samples or clear pictures (e.g., different types of paper, fabric swatches like Ankara, Adire, clay, wood, raffia). Emphasises Nigerian-specific examples for materials. Engages students by asking them to identify materials from their local environment that can be used for these crafts.
Tools and Equipment Explanation: Clearly defines "tools" and "equipment" and distinguishes between them using simple analogies. Lists and explains various tools (e.g., scissors, rulers, needles, chisels, modelling tools) and equipment (e.g., sewing machine, kiln, loom). Demonstrates how some common tools are used (e.g., holding scissors correctly, how a ruler is used for measuring). If actual tools are not available, use clear diagrams or video clips. Discusses the safety precautions associated with sharp tools like chisels and craft knives.
Student Activity: Actively listen and observe the displayed materials, tools, and equipment. Participate in discussions, asking questions for clarification. Take notes on definitions, materials, and tools for each craft category. Handle safe materials and tools if provided for closer inspection. 3.3 Group Activity/Practical Exploration (15 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Divides the class into small groups. Provides each group with a selection of craft materials and a few safe tools (e.g., different types of paper, fabric scraps, glue, scissors, ruler).
Assigns a simple task to each group: e.g., "From the materials provided, create a collage," or "Identify which materials can be sewn." Circulates among groups, providing guidance, answering questions, and ensuring participation.
Student Activity: Work collaboratively in groups. Examine the provided materials and tools. Attempt the assigned simple craft task or identification exercise. Discuss findings and share observations within their groups. 3.4 Discussion and Q&A (5 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Facilitates a whole-class discussion, inviting groups to share their findings or challenges from the practical activity. Addresses any misconceptions and answers further questions. Recaps key materials, tools, and equipment discussed.
Student Activity: Share insights from group activities. Ask clarifying questions. Engage in the final discussion. This section provides scaffolded practice questions to reinforce learning, with detailed solutions for teacher reference.
Question 1: List three (3) materials commonly used for Fabric Craft in Nigeria.
Solution: Ankara Fabric: Widely used for clothing, bags, and accessories due to its vibrant patterns.
Adire Fabric: Traditional tie-dyed or resist-dyed cotton fabrics, popular for garments and cultural wear.
Threads: Essential for sewing and embellishing fabric items, available in cotton, polyester, etc.
Commentary:* This question directly assesses the recall of materials for a specific craft, focusing on Nigerian context.
Question 2: Name two (2) tools a JSS2 student can safely use for a simple Paper Craft project like making a greeting card.
Solution: Scissors: For cutting paper accurately.
Ruler: For measuring dimensions and creating straight lines.
Pencil: For marking designs and lines. Glue (e.g., PVA glue or craft stick): For joining paper pieces.
Commentary:* This targets the identification of appropriate tools for a common craft, emphasizing safety for students.
Question 3: Identify one (1) key material for Moulded Craft and one (1) specific tool used for shaping it.
Solution: Material: Clay (natural earth material, easily pliable when wet, hardens when fired).
Tool: Modelling tool (e.g., a wooden or plastic sculpting tool, loop tool for removing clay).
Commentary:* This tests understanding of both materials and specialized tools for a particular craft category.
Question 4: Differentiate between a "tool" and "equipment" in craft making, providing one example for each from any craft category.
Solution: Tool: A handheld implement used manually to perform a specific task.
Example: A chisel for carving wood (Carved Craft).
Equipment: A larger machine or apparatus, often powered, used to facilitate or speed up the production process.
Example: A sewing machine for stitching fabric (Fabric Craft).
Commentary:* This question assesses the conceptual understanding and ability to distinguish between key terms, with examples.
This topic has strong connections to real-life situations and can be integrated across various aspects of Nigerian life.
Local Entrepreneurship and Economy: Many Nigerians earn a living through craft making. Understanding the materials and tools highlights the skills and resources involved in local businesses, from the roadside tailor (fabric, sewing machine, scissors) to the market potter (clay, modelling tools, kiln) or basket weaver (raffia, simple weaving tools). Students can appreciate the value chains and potential for self-employment.
Cultural Heritage and Tourism: Traditional Nigerian crafts are vital to cultural identity and attract tourists. Knowledge of specific materials (e.g., Aso-Oke, Adire, carved calabashes, raffia baskets, terracotta pottery) and the tools used to produce them deepens students' appreciation for their heritage. This can inspire them to learn these skills or support local artisans, contributing to cultural preservation and tourism. Environmental Awareness and Sustainability: Craft making often involves sourcing raw materials. Discussing materials like wood, clay, and raffia can lead to conversations about sustainable harvesting and the impact of resource extraction. Additionally, students can explore how recycled or repurposed materials (e.g., plastic bottles, newspapers) can be transformed into new craft items, promoting environmental responsibility and creativity in waste management, which is a growing concern in Nigerian cities.