Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v3 - Junior Secondary 3
Contact Games
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Contact Games
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Subject: Physical & Health Education
Class: Junior Secondary 3
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 3
Theme: Contact And Non Contact Games
This page supports the lesson note with a companion video and a short classroom-ready summary.
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explain taekwondo and basic techniques; state importance of taekwondo; state rules and regulations; list of ficials in taekwondo; practice taekwondo skills; explain boxing and its basic techniques; list safety rules, regulations and of ficials of boxing and the ir duties; practice boxing skills.
Introduction (10 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Begin by asking students to name contact sports they know. Guide the discussion towards identifying Taekwondo and Boxing as examples.
Briefly introduce the week's topic: Contact Games, focusing on these two sports.
Student Activity: Students share examples of contact sports. Listen attentively to the introduction.
Lesson Development (60 minutes)
Phase 1: Taekwondo (30 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Explanation: Verbally explain Taekwondo, its origin, and its meaning. Use a chart or pictures (if available) to show the Dobok (uniform) and protective gear.
Techniques: Explain and demonstrate (or use visual aids for) basic Taekwondo stances (Attention, Ready, Front, Back), blocks (Low, Middle, High), and kicks (Front, Roundhouse). Emphasize proper body mechanics and balance.
Importance: Discuss the benefits of Taekwondo, linking it to self-defence, fitness, discipline, and respect in Nigerian communities.
Rules and Regulations: Explain the basic rules, scoring, and prohibited acts.
Officials: List and explain the duties of Taekwondo officials (Referee, Judges, Recorder, Timekeeper).
Student Activity: Listen and observe demonstrations carefully. Ask clarifying questions.
Practical Session: Under teacher guidance, students practice the basic stances and shadow-practice the Low Block, Front Kick, and Roundhouse Kick. Emphasize controlled movements, not power. Provide immediate feedback and corrections.
Phase 2: Boxing (30 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Explanation: Introduce Boxing, its nature as a combat sport.
Techniques: Explain and demonstrate basic boxing stance (orthodox/southpaw), footwork (shuffling), and punches (Jab, Cross, Hook). Emphasize protecting the face and maintaining balance.
Safety Rules: Discuss the crucial importance of safety rules in boxing, detailing protective gear (gloves, mouthguard, headgear for amateurs), weight classes, and common fouls. Highlight the risks of non-compliance.
Officials: List and explain the duties of Boxing officials (Referee, Judges, Timekeeper, Ringside Doctor).
Student Activity: Listen and observe demonstrations. Ask questions regarding safety and techniques.
Practical Session: Students practice the basic boxing stance, shadow-practice the jab and cross combinations, focusing on proper form, speed, and returning the hands to a guard position. Provide feedback.
Conclusion (10 minutes)
Teacher Activity: Facilitate a brief Q&A session to address any lingering questions. Summarize the key takeaways for both Taekwondo and Boxing, reiterating their importance as contact games and the emphasis on safety and discipline. Assign independent practice questions.
Student Activity: Participate in the Q&A, ask questions, and note down key points.
Resources: Whiteboard/Chalkboard Charts illustrating Taekwondo and Boxing techniques, stances, or protective gear. (Optional) Videos demonstrating basic techniques (if projector/screen is available). (Optional) Handouts summarizing key rules and officials. (Optional) Boxing gloves (for demonstration only, not contact).
Instructions for Teacher: Guide students through these questions, explaining the thought process for arriving at the correct answers. Encourage them to refer to their notes or recall explanations.
Question 1: Explain the meaning of "Taekwondo" and name two basic kicks used in the sport.
Solution: Explanation: Taekwondo means "the way of the foot and fist," a Korean martial art emphasizing high kicks and fast hand techniques.
Two Basic Kicks: Front Kick (Ap Chagi) and Roundhouse Kick (Dollyeo Chagi).
Commentary: This assesses understanding of the definition and recall of fundamental offensive techniques. Ensure students grasp the core nature of Taekwondo.
Question 2: State two reasons why learning Taekwondo is important for young people in Nigeria.
Solution: Reason 1: Self-defence: It provides practical skills to protect oneself in potentially dangerous situations, which can be valuable in various Nigerian contexts.
Reason 2: Physical Fitness and Discipline: It significantly improves physical health, strength, and coordination, while also instilling discipline, respect, and mental focus, qualities essential for personal development.
Commentary: This question connects the subject matter to real-life benefits, prompting students to think about practical applications beyond just sport.
Question 3: Identify two protective gears mandatory for an amateur boxing match and explain why each is important.
Solution: Protective Gear 1: Boxing Gloves.
Importance: They protect the hands of the puncher from injury (e.g., broken knuckles) and also reduce the impact force on the opponent, minimizing cuts and severe concussions.
Protective Gear 2: Mouthguard.
Importance: It protects the teeth, gums, and jaw from direct impact, preventing dental injuries and helping to absorb shock that could lead to concussions.
Commentary: This question emphasizes the safety aspect of boxing, which is critical for any contact sport. Students should understand the function of each gear.
Question 4: Describe the primary duty of a referee in a boxing match.
Solution: The primary duty of a boxing referee is to ensure fair play and the safety of the boxers. This involves enforcing the rules, issuing commands (like "Break" or "Stop"), administering counts for knockdowns, warning or deducting points for fouls, and stopping the fight (TKO) if a boxer is deemed unable to continue or is taking excessive punishment.
Commentary: This assesses the student's understanding of the most crucial role in officiating a boxing match.
A. Differentiation: For Visual Learners: Utilize charts, diagrams, and video clips (if available) showing proper techniques for Taekwondo and Boxing. Demonstrate each movement slowly and clearly.
For Auditory Learners: Provide clear verbal instructions and explanations. Encourage questions and group discussions. Use rhythmic counting for practical drills.
For Kinesthetic Learners: Emphasize hands-on practice. Allow ample time for students to mimic and perform the demonstrated skills. Use tactile cues to correct postures.
Peer-Assisted Learning: Pair students of mixed abilities. More capable students can assist and guide their peers during practical sessions under the teacher's supervision.
B. Remediation (For Struggling Learners): Simplified Instructions: Break down complex movements into smaller, manageable steps. Focus on mastering one component before moving to the next (e.g., first the stance, then the hand position, then the movement).
Increased Demonstration and Practice: Provide additional demonstrations and allow more time for individual practice with closer teacher supervision.
Reduced Complexity: For practical skills, focus on only one or two fundamental techniques (e.g., just the Ready Stance and Front Kick for Taekwondo, or just the Orthodox Stance and Jab for Boxing).
Verbal Reinforcement: Use simple, encouraging language to build confidence. Ask them to verbally explain the concept first before attempting the practical.
C. Extension (For High-Achieving Learners): Research Project: Task students with researching the history of Taekwondo or Boxing in Nigeria, famous Nigerian athletes in these sports (e.g., Samuel Peters, Esther Oyema), or exploring more advanced techniques and their applications.
Demonstration Leaders: Empower advanced students to assist the teacher in demonstrating techniques or leading warm-up exercises for the class.
Strategic Analysis: Challenge them to analyze a short clip of a Taekwondo or Boxing match, identifying different techniques, fouls, and the role of officials.
Design a Training Routine: Ask them to design a simple 10-minute training routine incorporating the learned Taekwondo or Boxing basics, explaining the benefits of each exercise.
Definition: Taekwondo (meaning "the way of the foot and fist") is a Korean martial art, characterized by its emphasis on head-height kicks, jumping and spinning kicks, and fast kicking techniques. It is also an Olympic sport. It serves as a form of self-defence, physical exercise, and mental discipline.
Basic Techniques: Stances (Seogi): Foundation for all movements.
Attention Stance (Charyeot Seogi): Heels together, feet forming a 45-degree angle, arms straight down at sides. Used for bowing and showing respect.
Ready Stance (Jumbi Seogi): Feet shoulder-width apart, parallel, hands lightly clenched in front of the waist. Prepares for action.
Front Stance (Ap Kubi Seogi): One foot forward, knee bent over the ankle, back leg straight, weight primarily on the front leg. Strong offensive/defensive stance.
Back Stance (Dwit Kubi Seogi): Feet form an 'L' shape, front foot perpendicular to the back foot, weight mostly on the back leg, good for evasive movements.
Blocks (Makgi): Defensive movements to deflect attacks.
Low Block (Arae Makgi): Arm sweeps downwards to block kicks aimed at the lower body.
Middle Block (Momtong Makgi): Arm sweeps across the body to block punches/kicks aimed at the torso.
High Block (Eolgul Makgi): Arm sweeps upwards over the head to block attacks aimed at the head.
Kicks (Chagi): Core of Taekwondo's offensive techniques.
Front Kick (Ap Chagi): Straight kick with the ball of the foot, aimed at the opponent's mid-section.
Roundhouse Kick (Dollyeo Chagi): Pivoting on the standing foot, hips rotate to deliver a powerful kick with the instep or shin, often aimed at the head or torso.
Side Kick (Yeop Chagi): Using the heel or side of the foot, pushed out horizontally to the side, powerful for distance and impact.
Punches (Jireugi): Hand techniques, though less prominent than kicks in sport Taekwondo.
Straight Punch (Momtong Jireugi): A direct punch forward with the knuckles, typically aimed at the torso.
Importance of Taekwondo: Self-defence: Provides practical skills for personal safety.
Physical Fitness: Enhances strength, flexibility, endurance, balance, and coordination.
Mental Discipline: Fosters concentration, focus, perseverance, and emotional control.
Respect and Etiquette: Teaches respect for instructors, peers, and rules, promoting good sportsmanship.
Confidence Building: Improves self-esteem and a sense of accomplishment.
Stress Relief: A healthy outlet for physical and mental energy. Rules and Regulations (Sport Taekwondo - WTF/World Taekwondo): Competition Area (Dojang): A square mat, typically 8m x 8m for sparring.
Attire: Competitors wear a white uniform (Dobok) and protective gear.
Protective Gear: Head protector, trunk protector (hogu), groin guard, forearm guards, shin guards, mouth guard.
Scoring: 1 point for a valid punch to the trunk. 2 points for a valid kick to the trunk. 3 points for a valid kick to the head. 4 points for a valid turning kick to the trunk. 5 points for a valid turning kick to the head. Prohibited Acts (Kyong-go/Gam-jeom - warning/deduction): Grabbing, holding, pushing, hitting below the waist, intentionally falling, hitting the back of the head, attacking a fallen opponent. Repeated offences lead to point deductions or disqualification.
Duration: Typically three rounds of two minutes each, with a one-minute break between rounds.
Officials in Taekwondo and their Duties: Referee (Jusim): The central figure in the ring. Starts and stops the match. Declares warnings (Kyong-go) and point deductions (Gam-jeom). Ensures fair play and adherence to rules. Separates competitors and makes final decisions on valid points based on judge's signals. Declares winner/loser.
Judges (Bugsim): Usually three or four judges positioned at different corners of the ring. Score valid points using electronic scoring systems or manual scorecards. Indicate prohibited acts. Their scores are aggregated to determine points awarded.
Coach: Not an official, but crucial. Sits ringside, advises and guides the athlete.
Recorder: Records scores and warnings given by the referee and judges.
Timekeeper: Manages the duration of rounds and breaks.
Self-Defence and Personal Safety: The basic techniques learned in Taekwondo and Boxing equip students with foundational self-defence skills. This is highly relevant in Nigeria, where personal safety concerns can arise in both urban and rural settings. Understanding how to defend oneself or avoid dangerous situations is a critical life skill.
Physical Health and Wellness: Participation in contact games promotes a healthy and active lifestyle. In a country where non-communicable diseases related to sedentary living are on the rise, engaging in sports like Taekwondo and Boxing contributes significantly to cardiovascular health, strength, flexibility, and overall well-being. This can lead to reduced healthcare burdens for individuals and the nation.
Career Opportunities and Economic Impact: Beyond personal benefits, these sports offer professional career paths. Talented Nigerian athletes can pursue careers as professional Taekwondo practitioners or boxers, coaches, referees, or gym owners. Success in these fields can bring economic empowerment to individuals and contribute to Nigeria's sports economy through prize money, endorsements, and national/international representation (e.g., Olympics, Commonwealth Games). For instance, boxing academies and Taekwondo clubs are growing in cities like Lagos and Abuja, providing employment and fostering community development.