Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v3 - Primary 4
Moving our Body Parts II
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Moving our Body Parts II
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Subject: Physical & Health Education
Class: Primary 4
Term: 1st Term
Week: 6
Theme: Basic Movement
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Watch on YouTubeSee Facebook postlist any five non-locomotor movements state how to perform each of the non-locomotor activities perform non-locomotor movements
exercise.
5. Swaying: Definition: To move slowly and rhythmically from side to side or back and forth.
How to perform: Side-to-Side Sway: Stand with feet shoulder-width apart. Gently shift body weight from one foot to the other, allowing the body to rock smoothly from side to side.
Forward-Backward Sway: Stand relaxed. Gently shift body weight forward onto the balls of the feet, then backward onto the heels, creating a subtle rocking motion. Nigerian Context
Example: Swaying to the rhythm of music during a church service or cultural event; mothers swaying gently to soothe a baby; swaying during a school assembly anthem.
6. Shaking: Definition: To make rapid, small, involuntary or voluntary movements of a body part back and forth or up and down.
How to perform: Hand Shake: Hold one hand out and shake it gently up and down or side to side.
Leg Shake: While standing, lift one foot slightly and shake the lower leg rapidly to loosen it. Nigerian Context
Example: Shaking hands as a form of greeting; shaking a leg to remove sand after walking barefoot; shaking hands to relieve stiffness after writing for long.
7. Rocking: Definition: To move a body part or the entire body back and forth, often in a gentle, rhythmic motion.
How to perform: Rocking on Feet: Stand and gently rock the body forward onto the balls of the feet and backward onto the heels.
Rocking Side-to-Side (seated): Sit on the floor and gently rock the torso from side to side. * Nigerian Context
Example: Rocking a baby in arms; rocking back and forth on a low stool while telling stories; rocking on feet during a game or waiting.
Introduction to Body Movements: Body movements are the actions performed by the human body using muscles and joints. These movements can be broadly categorized into two main types:
1. Locomotor Movements: These are movements that involve travelling or moving from one place to another (e.g., walking, running, jumping, hopping).
2. Non-Locomotor Movements (Axial Movements): These are movements performed in one spot or fixed base, without changing location. The body parts move, but the overall body position relative to its space remains constant. These movements are crucial for flexibility, balance, and preparing the body for more complex actions. Detailed Explanation of Non-Locomotor Movements: Here are common non-locomotor movements, with explanations and practical steps:
1. Bending/Flexing: Definition: To curve or fold a body part, usually at a joint, reducing the angle between two body parts.
How to perform: Knee Bend: From a standing position, keep the back straight and bend the knees, as if sitting on an imaginary chair. Return to standing.
Waist Bend: Stand with feet shoulder-width apart. Slowly bend forward at the waist, trying to touch the toes or floor, keeping legs relatively straight. Return to upright position.
Elbow Bend: Bring the hand towards the shoulder by bending the elbow. Nigerian Context
Example: Bending down to pick up a fallen mango; bending the knees while pounding yam in a mortar; bending at the waist to sweep the floor with a short broom.
2. Stretching: Definition: To extend or lengthen a body part to its fullest extent, increasing the angle at a joint or elongating muscles.
How to perform: Arm Stretch: Stand tall, extend both arms upwards towards the sky, reaching as high as possible. Hold for a few seconds.
Leg/Hamstring Stretch: Sit on the floor with legs extended forward. Reach towards the toes, keeping the back straight and knees slightly bent if necessary.
Side Stretch: Stand with feet apart. Reach one arm over the head and lean to the opposite side, feeling the stretch along the side of the torso. Nigerian Context
Example: Stretching to reach a fruit on a high branch; stretching muscles before a game of football; stretching to retrieve clothes hung on a tall line.
3. Twisting: Definition: To rotate a body part around its long axis. This usually involves the torso or neck.
How to perform: Torso Twist: Stand with feet shoulder-width apart. Keep hips relatively stable and rotate the upper body (torso and shoulders) from side to side, looking over each shoulder.
Neck Twist: Gently turn the head from side to side, looking over each shoulder. Nigerian Context
Example: Twisting the waist during a traditional dance; twisting to look behind while carrying a load on the head; twisting clothes to wring out water after washing.
4. Turning/Rotating: Definition: Similar to twisting, but often implies a wider range of motion or a rotation of the entire body on its axis while remaining in place, or a specific joint (e.g., wrist, ankle).
How to perform: Body Turn (on the spot): Stand upright and turn the whole body 90 degrees or 180 degrees to face a different direction, pivoting on the balls of the feet.
Wrist Rotation: Extend an arm, make a loose fist, and rotate the wrist in circles (clockwise and anti-clockwise).
Ankle Rotation: Lift one foot slightly off the ground and rotate the ankle in circles. Nigerian Context
Example: Turning to greet someone behind you while standing; turning in place during a game of 'suwe'; rotating the waist as part of a warm-up exercise.
5. Swaying: Definition: To move slowly and rhythmically from side to side or back and forth.
How to perform: Side-to-Side Sway: Stand with feet shoulder-width apart. Gently shift body weight from one foot to the other, allowing the body to rock smoothly from side to side.
Forward-Backward Sway: Stand relaxed. Gently shift body weight forward onto the balls of the feet, then backward onto the heels, creating a subtle rocking motion. Nigerian Context
Example: Swaying to the rhythm of music during a church service or cultural Teacher Activities: Introduction/Review (5 minutes): Begin by briefly reviewing the concept of body movement and perhaps a quick recap of locomotor movements (if covered in 'Moving our Body Parts I'), asking students to demonstrate one or two (e.g., walking, hopping). Introduce the term "non-locomotor movements" as movements done "in one spot" or "without moving from place to place." Demonstration and Explanation of Non-Locomotor Movements (15 minutes): Clearly define non-locomotor movements. Demonstrate and explain each non-locomotor movement (bending, stretching, twisting, turning, swaying, shaking, rocking).
For each movement: State its name. Explain what it means. Demonstrate it slowly and clearly, breaking down the steps. Provide a relevant Nigerian context example for each. Guided Practice – "Follow the Leader" (15 minutes): Lead students through performing each non-locomotor movement as a group.
Give clear instructions: "Let's all try bending at our knees. Stand tall, then slowly bend your knees as if you want to sit. Up, down, up, down. Good!" Correct students' posture and form gently as needed. Encourage students to verbalize the movement they are performing. Application and Identification (10 minutes): Ask students to identify non-locomotor movements in various scenarios described by the teacher (e.g., "What movement do you make when you reach for something high?", "What movement do you make when your mother is pounding yam?"). Ask students to suggest other real-life situations where they use these movements.
Conclusion and Summary (5 minutes): Recap the key non-locomotor movements learned. Emphasize the importance of these movements for daily activities and overall well-being.
Student Activities: Observation and Listening: Students will pay attention to the teacher's explanations and demonstrations of non-locomotor movements. Participation in Warm-up (Optional but Recommended): Students can perform light stretches or simple body shakes as a warm-up.
Active Performance: Students will actively participate in demonstrating and performing each non-locomotor movement under the teacher's guidance.
Verbalization: Students will name the non-locomotor movements they are performing or observing.
Identification: Students will identify non-locomotor movements from real-life examples and suggest their own examples.
Question and Answer: Students will ask questions for clarification and answer questions posed by the teacher. The teacher should lead students through these questions and practical demonstrations, providing immediate feedback.
Question 1: Teacher: "Can you list three movements that we perform without moving from our spot?" Teacher prompts students to recall names of movements demonstrated.* Solution 1: Students should be able to list any three from: Bending, Stretching, Twisting, Turning, Swaying, Shaking, Rocking.
Commentary: This checks objective 1 (list non-locomotor movements).* Question 2: Teacher: "Show me how you would stretch your body upwards, as if trying to touch the sky. Explain what you are doing." Teacher observes students' actions and listens to their explanations.* Solution 2: Performance: Student stands tall, extends both arms upwards, reaching as high as possible, potentially rising on tiptoes.
Explanation: "I am standing up straight, putting my hands up high, and reaching as far as I can to make my body longer."
Commentary: This checks objectives 2 (state how to perform) and 3 (perform non-locomotor movements).* Question 3: Teacher: "Imagine you are sweeping the floor with a short broom. What non-locomotor movement would you use most often? Show me." Teacher encourages students to think about daily chores and demonstrate.* Solution 3: Movement: Bending (specifically bending at the waist and knees).
Performance: Student demonstrates bending forward and slightly at the knees, mimicking the action of sweeping.
Commentary: This checks objective 3 in a practical, context-specific way and reinforces understanding of application.* Question 4: Teacher: "Stand up and perform a twisting movement with your upper body. What parts of your body are moving?" Teacher observes the students' twisting motion and asks for verbal identification of body parts.* Solution 4: Performance: Student stands, keeps hips relatively stable, and rotates the torso and shoulders from side to side.
Explanation: "My upper body, my chest, and my shoulders are moving. My waist is also twisting."
Commentary: This checks objectives 2 (how to perform) and 3 (perform non-locomotor movements) with an additional focus on body awareness.*
Home Chores and Daily Activities: Bending: When fetching water from a bucket, picking up scattered items (e.g., yam peels, groundnuts), sweeping low surfaces, or tying shoelaces.
Stretching: Reaching for items on a high shelf in the kitchen, hanging clothes on a line, or preparing the body for a day's work on the farm.
Twisting: Wringing out wet clothes after washing, turning to speak to someone behind you while carrying a load on your head.
Cultural Dances and Social Gatherings: Swaying: Many Nigerian traditional dances involve rhythmic swaying of the torso and hips to the beat of drums (e.g., Ijaw dances, Hausa traditional dances).
Twisting/Turning: Dancers frequently twist their torsos and turn their entire bodies in place to create dynamic and expressive movements.
Shaking: Often seen in celebratory dances, where shoulders or hips are shaken rapidly to the music. Sports, Games, and Exercise: Stretching and Bending: Essential parts of warm-up and cool-down routines before playing football, basketball, or local games like 'suwe' or 'ten-ten' to prevent injury.
Twisting: Helps improve agility and flexibility, important for dodging opponents in games.
Rocking/Swaying: Can be part of balance training and coordination exercises, or simply for relaxing muscles. These movements are fundamental building blocks for more complex athletic actions.