Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v3 - Primary 4

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Read time on a clock and write dates from a calendar.
• Solve simple problems about time.
• Use 'AM' and 'PM' correctly for time of the day.

Lesson summary

This lesson focuses on developing students' understanding and application of time concepts, which are fundamental to daily life in Nigeria. Time management is crucial for personal organisation, academic success, and participation in community activities. This topic covers reading time from analogue clocks, interpreting calendars, understanding date formats, and solving simple word problems involving time, including the use of AM and PM notations. Mastery of these concepts will enable students to effectively plan their school day, participate in family events, understand public transport schedules, and generally navigate their world with a better sense of timing.

Lesson notes

A. Giving Time on the Clock Analogue Clocks: These clocks have hands that move around a numbered face.

Hour Hand (Short hand): Indicates the hour. It moves slower.

Minute Hand (Long hand): Indicates the minutes. It moves faster. Second Hand (Thin, fast hand): Indicates seconds (often present but not the focus for Primary 4 in basic time reading).

Reading Hours (o'clock): When the minute hand points to 12, it is "o'clock." The hour hand points directly to the hour.

Example:* If the hour hand is on 8 and the minute hand is on 12, the time is 8 o'clock (8:00).

Reading Minutes: Each number on the clock face represents 5 minutes (when the minute hand points to it). The small markings between numbers represent 1 minute each.

Past the Hour: When the minute hand is on the right side of the clock (from 12 to 6).

Quarter past: Minute hand on 3 (15 minutes past).

Example: 2:15 (quarter past two).* Half past: Minute hand on 6 (30 minutes past).

Example: 5:30 (half past five).* To the Hour: When the minute hand is on the left side of the clock (from 6 to 12).

Quarter to: Minute hand on 9 (15 minutes to the next hour).

Example: 6:45 (quarter to seven, meaning 15 minutes before 7 o'clock).* General Reading: Count minutes in multiples of 5 from

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2. Example 1:* Hour hand slightly past 4, minute hand on

2. This is 4:10 (ten minutes past four).

Example 2:* Hour hand between 7 and 8, minute hand on

8. This is 7:40 (twenty minutes to eight).

B. Reading Calendar and Writing Dates Calendar Components: A calendar shows the days, weeks, and months of a year.

Days of the Week: Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.

Months of the Year: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December.

Number of Days in Months: 30 days: April, June, September, November. 31 days: January, March, May, July, August, October, December. 28 or 29 days: February (29 in a leap year, which occurs every 4 years, e.g., 2024, 2028).

Year: The specific year (e.g., 2024).

How to Read a Date: A date specifies a particular day in a particular month and year.

Example:* December 25,

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4. Writing Dates: Various common formats: Day, Date Month Year: Wednesday, 12th June

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4. DD/MM/YYYY: 12/06/2024 MM/DD/YYYY (less common in Nigeria): 06/12/2024 Nigerian context:* Students should be familiar with writing dates for school assignments, birthdays, and public holidays.

Example:* Nigerian Independence Day is on 1st October 1960 (historical), or 1st October 2024 (current year). C. Solving Quantitative Aptitude Problems Related to Time These problems involve calculating duration, start times, or end times.

Key Skill: Addition and subtraction of hours and minutes.

Remember: 60 minutes = 1 hour.

Procedure: Convert minutes to hours (if more than 59) or borrow hours (as 60 minutes) when subtracting. Add/subtract minutes first, then hours.

Teacher activity

• Guides pupils to in dicate important times of the school day such as first lesson (8.10), break (11.10) and closing (1.30)
• Guides pupils to revise telling of time on the clock face
• Leads pupils to tell the ir birth days which are recorded on the board using the for mat: 23/06/1998 (day/Moth/Year)
• Guides pupils to solve problems on quantitative reasoning related to time

Evaluation guide

• Formative Assessment Strategies:
• Observation: Observe students during group activities, noting their participation and ability to manipulate model clocks or read calendars.
• Question and Answer: Ask open-ended questions during the lesson to gauge understanding (e.g., "How do you know if it's AM or PM?", "What does the minute hand tell us?").
• Quick Checks: Have students show thumbs up/down for agreement/disagreement or hold up cards with AM/PM for various scenarios.
• Summative Assessment Questions (aligned with Evaluation Guide):

Reference guide

• Clocks, Calendarsand clock charts