Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v3 - Senior Secondary 2
Internet
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Internet
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Subject: Computer & IT
Class: Senior Secondary 2
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 3
Theme: Information And Communication Technology
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define in ternet and some basic terms. List commoninternet mainbrowsers List features in amain browser window Access in ternet List servicesavailable on in ternet state benefits of internet to our society visit somewebsites on in ternet
suite of protocols for the Internet. 2.3 Common Internet Main Browsers A web browser (or Internet browser) is a software application used to access information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves the content from a web server and displays the page on the user's device.
Common Internet main browsers include:
1. Google Chrome: Developed by Google, known for speed and extensive extensions.
2. Mozilla Firefox: An open-source browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation, emphasizing privacy and customization.
3. Microsoft Edge: Developed by Microsoft, replaced Internet Explorer, integrated with Windows.
4. Apple Safari: Developed by Apple, default browser for Apple devices (macOS, iOS, iPadOS).
5. Opera: Developed by Opera Norway, known for its built-in VPN, ad blocker, and data-saving mode. 2.4 Features in a Main Browser Window A typical web browser window contains several key features that enable users to navigate and interact with the Web:
1. Title Bar: Displays the title of the current web page.
2. Address Bar (or URL Bar): The area where the user types in the URL of a website they wish to visit. It also displays the URL of the currently loaded page.
3. Navigation Buttons: Back Button: Returns to the previously viewed web page.
Forward Button: Navigates to the next page in the browsing history (after using the Back button).
Refresh/Reload Button: Reloads the current web page, useful for seeing updated content.
Home Button: Navigates to the user-defined home page.
4. Tabs: Allow users to open and switch between multiple web pages within the same browser window. Each tab represents an independent browsing session.
5. Bookmark/Favorites: A feature that allows users to save the URLs of frequently visited websites for quick access later.
6. Search Bar: Often integrated with the address bar or as a separate field, allowing users to perform web searches directly from the browser.
7. Menu/Settings Button: Typically represented by three dots or lines, it opens a menu with options for browser settings, history, downloads, extensions, etc.
8. Status Bar: Usually at the bottom of the window, displays information about the progress of loading a page or the destination of a hyperlink when hovered over. 2.5 Accessing the Internet To access the Internet, several components are required, and a sequence of steps must be followed: Requirements:
1. Internet-enabled Device: A computer (desktop, laptop), smartphone, or tablet.
2. Internet Service Provider (ISP): A subscription with an ISP (e.g., MTN, Glo, Airtel in Nigeria) to provide Internet connectivity.
3. Modem/Router: Hardware devices that connect the local network to the ISP's network. A modem converts digital signals from the computer into analog signals for transmission over phone/cable lines and vice versa. A router directs network traffic.
4. Web Browser: Software installed on the device (e.g., Chrome, Firefox).
5. Network Connectivity: A way to connect the device to the modem/router (e.g., Ethernet cable, Wi-Fi).
Steps to Access the Internet:
1. Ensure Connectivity: Turn on the device and ensure it is connected to a network that has Internet access (e.g., connect to a Wi-Fi network provided by a router, or enable mobile data on a smartphone).
2. Open a Web Browser: Launch a web browser application (e.g., Google Chrome) on your device.
3. Enter URL: Type the desired website's URL (e.g., `www.google.com`) into the address bar and press Enter.
4. Navigate: The browser will then send a request to the web server hosting the website, retrieve the web page, and display it. Users can then navigate by clicking hyperlinks or typing new URLs. 2.6 Services Available on the Internet The Internet offers a wide array of services that have transformed various aspects of daily life:
1. Email (Electronic Mail): Allows users to send and receive electronic messages globally (e.g., Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo Mail). Widely used for personal and professional communication in Nigeria.
2. World Wide Web (WWW): The most popular service, enabling access to websites and web pages containing vast amounts of information (e.g., news, research, entertainment).
3. Instant Messaging (IM): Real-time text-based communication between two or more people (e.g., WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook Messenger). Essential for quick communication in Nigeria. Internet The Internet offers a wide array of services that have transformed various aspects of daily life:
1. Email (Electronic Mail): Allows users to send and receive electronic messages globally (e.g., Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo Mail). Widely used for personal and professional communication in Nigeria.
2. World Wide Web (WWW): The most popular service, enabling access to websites and web pages containing vast amounts of information (e.g., news, research, entertainment).
3. Instant Messaging (IM): Real-time text-based communication between two or more people (e.g., WhatsApp, Telegram, Facebook Messenger). Essential for quick communication in Nigeria.
4. Social Media: Platforms that allow users to create and share content, and participate in social networking (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, Twitter/X, TikTok).
5. E-commerce (Electronic Commerce): The buying and selling of goods and services over the Internet (e.g., Jumia, Konga, Payporte in Nigeria). This supports local businesses and provides consumer convenience.
6. Online Banking/Financial Services: Allows users to manage bank accounts, transfer funds, pay bills, and make investments online (e.g., GTBank Mobile App, Zenith Bank Internet Banking).
7. File Sharing: The ability to share digital files (documents, photos, videos) with others, often through cloud storage services (e.g., Google Drive, Dropbox, OneDrive).
8. Media Streaming: Accessing audio and video content over the Internet without downloading it (e.g., YouTube, Netflix, Spotify).
9. E-learning/Online Education: Providing educational content and courses over the Internet, facilitating remote learning (e.g., National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) online resources, Coursera, academic websites).
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0. Voice and Video Calls (VoIP): Making phone calls or video conferences over the Internet (e.g., Skype, Zoom, Google Meet, WhatsApp Calls). Critical for remote work and international communication. 2.7 Benefits of Internet to Our Society (Nigerian Context) The Internet has brought significant benefits to Nigerian society:
1. Enhanced Communication: Facilitates instant and affordable communication across vast distances, enabling easier connection with family, friends, and business partners within Nigeria and abroad (e.g., WhatsApp groups, email for professional networking).
2. Improved Access to Education and Information: Provides access to a wealth of educational resources, online courses, research materials, and current news. Students can prepare for exams (JAMB, WAEC), access e-libraries, and learn new skills online.
3. Economic Growth and Business Opportunities: Supports e-commerce, enabling small and large businesses to reach wider markets, both locally and internationally. It fosters entrepreneurship and creates jobs in the digital sector (e.g., online vendors on Jumia, digital marketing agencies).
4. Access to Healthcare Information and Telemedicine: Users can find information on health conditions, locate healthcare providers, and potentially access remote medical consultations in areas where physical access is challenging.
5. Entertainment and Recreation: Offers diverse entertainment options, including streaming movies, music, online gaming, and social networking, providing leisure and connection.
6. E-governance and Public Services: Facilitates online access to government services, allowing citizens to apply for passports, check election results, or access public information, thereby improving transparency and efficiency (e.g., Nigerian Immigration Service portal).
7. Financial Inclusion: Enables online banking and mobile money services, providing access to financial services for individuals in remote areas or those without traditional bank accounts.
8. Job Creation: The tech industry in Nigeria thrives on internet connectivity, leading to jobs in software development, digital marketing, IT support, and content creation. 2.8 Visiting Some Websites on the Internet This is a practical activity. The teacher should explain the process clearly.
Purpose: To demonstrate how to navigate to specific websites using a browser.
Procedure:
1. Open a preferred web browser (e.g., Google Chrome).
2. Locate the address bar at the top of the browser window.
3. Carefully type the full URL of the desired website into the address bar. Ensure accuracy, including `www.` and `.com` or `.ng` as appropriate.
4. Press the `Enter` key on the keyboard.
5. Observe as the browser fetches and displays the web page.
6. Encourage students to identify elements on the page, such as hyperlinks, images, and text.
Example Websites for Nigerian Context: Educational: `www.waecdirect.org` (WAEC results), `www.jamb.gov.ng` (JAMB portal), `www.nou.edu.ng` (NOUN).
News: `www.channelsweb.tv`, `www.premiumtimesng.com`.
E-commerce: `www.jumia.com.ng`, `www.konga.com`. * Government/Health:** `www.ncdc.gov.ng` (Nigeria Centre for Disease Control), `www.naca.gov.ng` (National Agency for the Control of AIDS), `www.nafdac.gov.ng` (NAFDAC). --- This section provides comprehensive explanations for all key terms and concepts related to the Internet, ensuring the teacher has sufficient content to deliver the lesson without external resources. 2.1 Definition of Internet The Internet (Interconnected Network) is a global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to link billions of devices worldwide. It is a vast public network that connects computers, mobile phones, and other devices globally, enabling users to share information and resources. It is often referred to as simply "the Net." 2.2 Basic Terms World Wide Web (WWW or "the Web"): This is an information system on the Internet that allows documents and other web resources to be accessed via hyperlinks and URLs. It's a collection of interconnected documents and other web resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The Web is just one of the many services available on the Internet, albeit the most popular. Think of the Internet as the infrastructure (roads, cables) and the Web as a specific service (like a shopping mall) built on that infrastructure.
Website: A collection of related web pages and multimedia content, typically identified with a common domain name and published on at least one web server. For example, `www.unilag.edu.ng` is the website for the University of Lagos.
Web Page: A document or information resource suitable for the World Wide Web and accessible through a web browser. It is typically written in HTML and can contain text, images, videos, and other media. A website is made up of multiple web pages.
Web Server: A computer program that stores website content (web pages, images, etc.) and delivers web pages to users upon request (when a user types a URL into their browser).
URL (Uniform Resource Locator): This is the unique address that identifies a specific resource (like a web page, image, or video) on the Internet. It tells the browser where to find the resource.
Example: `https://www.premiumtimesng.com/news/headlines.html` Components of a URL: Protocol (`https://`): Specifies the method for accessing the resource (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure). Domain Name (`www.premiumtimesng.com`): Identifies the specific website (e.g., Premium Times Nigeria). Path (`/news/headlines.html`): Specifies the exact location of the resource on the web server.
Hyperlink: An element in an electronic document that links to another place in the same document or to an entirely different document or website. They are usually highlighted (e.g., blue, underlined text) and clicking on them navigates the user to the linked resource.
IP Address (Internet Protocol Address): A unique numerical label assigned to each device (e.g., computer, printer, phone) connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.
It serves two main functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing.
Example: `192.168.1.1` (IPv4) or `2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334` (IPv6).
Analogy: Think of an IP address as a unique house address on the global network street.
ISP (Internet Service Provider): A company that provides Internet access to individuals and organizations. ISPs typically offer services like Internet connectivity, web hosting, and email services. Nigerian
Examples: MTN, Glo, Airtel, 9mobile, Spectranet, ipN
X. Protocol: A set of formal rules or standards that dictate how data is transmitted and exchanged between devices on a network. Protocols ensure that devices can understand each other's communication.
Examples: HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol): Used for transmitting web pages. HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure): A secure version of HTTP, often used for sensitive transactions like online banking.
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): Used for transferring files between computers. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol): The foundational suite of protocols for the Internet. 2.3 Common Internet Main Browsers A web browser (or Internet browser) is a software application used to access information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves the content from a web server and displays the page on the user's device.
Common Internet main browsers include:
1. Google Chrome: Developed by Google, known for speed and extensive extensions.
2. Mozilla Firefox: An open-source browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation, emphasizing privacy and customization.
3. This section outlines practical activities for both the teacher and students to ensure active engagement and understanding. 3.1 Teacher Activities: Introduction and Engagement: Begin by asking students what they know about the Internet and how they use it, sparking prior knowledge and interest. Introduce the lesson topic, "Internet," and outline the learning objectives.
Concept Explanation and Demonstration: Explain the definition of the Internet and basic terms using clear language, analogies (e.g., Internet as infrastructure, Web as a city on it), and visual aids (diagrams of network connections, browser window features on a projector). Demonstrate common Internet browsers (e.g., Google Chrome) using a projector or interactive whiteboard, highlighting the address bar, tabs, navigation buttons, and other features. Walk through the steps of accessing the Internet and visiting a website.
Facilitate Discussion: Lead a class discussion on the various services available on the Internet, encouraging students to share their experiences. Guide students to brainstorm and discuss the benefits of the Internet specifically to Nigerian society, prompting them to think about local applications (e.g., JAMB, Jumia, local news).
Practical Session (if resources permit): If a computer lab with Internet access is available, guide students through opening a browser, typing URLs, and navigating between websites. Provide a list of specific Nigerian websites for students to visit (e.g., `www.waecdirect.org`, `www.nafdac.gov.ng`, `www.naca.gov.ng`). Supervise and assist students during the practical exercise.
Question and Answer: Encourage questions throughout the lesson and provide clear, concise answers. Pose questions to assess understanding of key terms and concepts.
Summarization: Summarize the key points of the lesson, reiterating the definitions, browsers, services, and benefits discussed. 3.2 Student Activities: Active Listening and Note-taking: Listen attentively to explanations and take comprehensive notes on definitions, terms, and processes.
Participation in Discussions: Share personal experiences with the Internet and actively contribute to discussions on Internet services and benefits, providing Nigerian examples.
Identification and Listing: Identify and list common Internet main browsers when prompted. Identify and list features within a browser window during teacher demonstration. Practical Application (if resources permit): Practice opening a web browser. Type URLs into the address bar and visit specified websites (e.g., `www.ncdc.gov.ng`). Navigate between web pages using hyperlinks and navigation buttons. Identify and point out browser features like the address bar, tabs, and back/forward buttons on their own devices. Group Work (Optional, if no lab access): In groups, students can draw and label a web browser window, listing the function of each part. Groups can research and present on a specific Internet service or benefit in Nigeria.
Questions: Ask clarifying questions when concepts are unclear. ---
This section highlights how the knowledge gained from this lesson is directly applicable to real-life situations within the Nigerian context.
E-commerce and Entrepreneurship: Students learn how online platforms like Jumia and Konga (Nigerian e-commerce giants) operate. This knowledge can inspire future entrepreneurs to set up their own online stores, sell goods and services, or leverage social media for marketing, thus contributing to the local economy and creating jobs. For example, a student interested in fashion can learn to market their designs online. Educational Advancement and Career Development: Understanding how to effectively use the Internet for research, accessing e-learning platforms (e.g., NOUN, virtual libraries), and engaging with online courses (local or international) directly impacts academic success. It equips students with skills to prepare for national examinations like WAEC and JAMB, check results, apply for scholarships, and explore various career paths available through online portals and professional networking sites.
Civic Engagement and Information Literacy: The Internet provides access to news from reliable Nigerian media houses (e.g., Channels Television, Premium Times) and official government websites (e.g., NCDC for health updates, NIMC for national identity management). Students can use these resources to stay informed about national issues, understand government policies, access public services, and discern credible information from misinformation, fostering responsible digital citizenship. Financial Inclusion and Digital Transactions: Awareness of online banking, mobile money apps (like OPay, Palmpay), and digital payment gateways allows students to understand how financial services are evolving in Nigeria. This prepares them for managing personal finances, making online purchases, and facilitating secure transactions in a cashless society, regardless of their location. ---