Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 1
ANIMAL PRODUCTION
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ANIMAL PRODUCTION
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 1
Term: 1st Term
Week: 12
Grade code: B7.2.4.1.2
Strand code: 2
Sub-strand code: 4
Content standard code: B7.2.4.1
Indicator code: B7.2.4.1.2
Theme: CYCLES
Subtheme: ANIMAL PRODUCTION
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Animal production is the rearing of animals for food (meat, milk, eggs), income, manure, and other products. In Ghana, many families keep goats, sheep, cattle, pigs, and poultry (chicken, guinea fowl, ducks) at home or on farms. Knowing the differences and similarities among ruminants, monogastrics, and poultry helps learners understand: what each animal eats and how it digests food, how to feed animals properly, why some animals produce milk, others lay eggs, and others grow fast for meat, how to manage animals to reduce disease and increase profit.
A. Meaning of Animal Production Animal production is the science and practice of keeping animals to obtain useful products such as: Food: meat, milk, eggs Income: sale of animals and products Manure: for crop farming Other uses: hides/skins, feathers, cultural uses (festivals, funerals, gifts) B. Classification of Domestic Animals by Digestive System One important way to classify domestic animals is by how their digestive system is built and how they digest food.
We will study three groups: Ruminants Monogastrics (non-ruminants) Poultry (birds kept for meat/eggs)
C. Ruminants Definition Ruminants are animals that have a four-compartment stomach and chew cud (they regurgitate partially digested food and chew it again). Stomach parts (simple explanation) A ruminant stomach has: Rumen – large fermentation chamber where microbes break down grass/cellulose Reticulum – helps form cud and traps foreign materials Omasum – absorbs water and minerals Abomasum – “true stomach” where acids and enzymes digest food Key features Chew cud (rumination) Can digest roughages like grass, hay, crop residues (e.g., maize stover) Often have split hooves Produce milk (in females) and meat; manure is good for farms Examples in Ghana Cattle Sheep Goats (Also: deer in other countries; but for domestic animals, the main ones are cattle, sheep, goats.)
Worked Ghana example: A family in Tamale keeps goats. Goats can survive well on grasses and leaves because their rumen microbes help them digest fibrous feeds.