Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 1
FIRST AID, INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
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FIRST AID, INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
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Subject: Physical Education And Health
Class: JHS 1
Term: 1st Term
Week: 8
Grade code: B7.1.3.1.1
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: B7.1.3.1
Indicator code: B7.1.3.1.1
Theme: HEALTH EDUCATION
Subtheme: FIRST AID, INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
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First aid is the immediate help we give to an injured or suddenly ill person before a nurse, doctor, or ambulance arrives. In JHS, learners play games (football, ampe, athletics), help at home (fetching water, cooking), and move around busy roads and school compounds. Injuries like cuts, sprains, dislocations, and fractures can happen in school, at home, or on the street. Knowing first aid helps learners save lives, prevent injuries from getting worse, and reduce pain while waiting for professional care.
A. Meaning of First Aid First aid is the *immediate and temporary care* given to a person who is injured or suddenly ill before professional medical help is available. Aims of First Aid (What first aid tries to achieve) A simple way to remember is 3Ps: Preserve life (keep the person alive; ensure breathing and circulation) Prevent the condition from worsening (stop bleeding, immobilise a fracture) Promote recovery (reduce pain, calm the person, prevent infection) B. Scope of First Aid in Sports and Physical Activity Scope means the *range of things a first aider is expected to do*. What a first aider CAN do (in school sports) Check for danger and make the area safe (remove stones, stop play) Assess the casualty (look, listen, ask questions) Call for help (teacher, school nurse, ambulance, parent) Give basic care: Control bleeding (pressure, clean dressing) Support sprains/strains (rest, cold compress) Immobilise suspected fracture/dislocation (splint/support, do not move) Treat shock (lay down, keep warm, reassure) Record and report what happened (time, injury, action taken) What a first aider MUST NOT do Do not force a dislocated joint back into place. Do not massage a suspected fracture or severe sprain. Do not give medicines unless authorised (especially unknown allergies). Do not move a person with suspected neck/spine injury unless in danger. Do not use dirty cloths/leaves on open wounds (risk of infection). C. Common Injuries in Sports/Physical Activity (Definitions + Signs) 1) Cuts (Lacerations) and Abrasions Cut/laceration: skin is broken by a sharp object (e.g., broken bottle, metal). Abrasion: skin scraped off (e.g., falling on rough ground). Signs: bleeding, pain, open skin, sometimes dirt in wound.
Basic first aid (simple steps): Wash hands or use sanitizer if available. Rinse the wound with clean running water (if possible). Apply direct pressure with clean cloth/gauze to stop bleeding. Clean around the wound; remove visible dirt gently. Cover with sterile dressing/plaster. Refer if bleeding won’t stop, wound is deep, or object is embedded. 2) Sprain (Ligament injury) Sprain: stretching/tearing of ligaments at a joint (ankle, wrist). Causes: twisting ankle on uneven field, landing badly after jump. Signs: pain, swelling, bruising, difficulty moving joint.
First aid (RICE): R – Rest: stop activity I – Ice: cold compress 10–15 minutes (wrap ice in cloth) C – Compression: bandage firmly (not too tight) E – Elevation: raise the limb above heart level if possible Refer if severe pain, deformity, or cannot bear weight. 3) Strain (Muscle/Tendon injury) Strain: overstretching/tearing of muscle or tendon (hamstring, back). Signs: pain when moving, muscle spasm, swelling.
First aid: similar to RICE; avoid stretching immediately after injury. 4) Dislocation Dislocation: bone is forced out of its normal position at a joint (shoulder, finger). Signs: visible deformity, severe pain, swelling, inability to move joint.