Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Classify organisms as prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
• List examples of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms in Ghana.
• Explain their impact on human health.
• Devise safety measures against harmful organisms.

Lesson summary

All living things are made of cells. Some organisms have simple cells without a true nucleus (called prokaryotes) while others have complex cells with a true nucleus (called eukaryotes). Understanding this helps Ghanaian learners to: explain why some diseases spread through contaminated water/food (e.g., cholera, typhoid), understand why antibiotics work on some infections but not on others, appreciate useful microbes in local foods (e.g., fermented maize dough for *kenkey*, yoghurt) and in farming (soil fertility).

Lesson notes

2.1 What is a cell? A cell is the smallest unit of life that can carry out life processes such as nutrition, respiration, growth, excretion, and reproduction.

Living things can be: Unicellular: made of one cell (e.g., bacteria, amoeba) Multicellular: made of many cells (e.g., humans, goats, maize plant)

2.2 Prokaryotic cells (Prokaryotes) Prokaryotic cells are simple cells that do not have a true nucleus. Their genetic material (DNA) is found in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid.

Examples of prokaryotes: Bacteria (e.g., *Vibrio cholerae* causing cholera, *Salmonella typhi* causing typhoid) Cyanobacteria (blue-green “algae” found in water bodies)

Evaluation guide

• Observe and list examples of organisms
• plants and animals as
• prokaryotic or eukaryotic based on each cell type.
• Explain the impact of prokaryotes and eukaryotes on humans health