Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2
EARTH SCIENCE
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EARTH SCIENCE
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 7
Grade code: B8.2.1.1.2
Strand code: 2
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B8.2.1.1
Indicator code: B8.2.1.1.2
Theme: CYCLES
Subtheme: EARTH SCIENCE
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The carbon cycle is the continuous movement of carbon through the air (atmosphere), living things (biosphere), water bodies (hydrosphere), and rocks/soil (lithosphere). It matters because carbon is part of food, fuel, and air. In Ghana, activities like bush burning, charcoal production, deforestation, farming, and traffic emissions affect how much carbon dioxide is in the air, which links to climate change, rainfall patterns, and crop yield.
2.1 What is Carbon and Why is it Important? Carbon is an element found in: Carbon dioxide (CO₂) in air Sugars, starch, fats, proteins in living things Fossil fuels (coal, crude oil, natural gas) Carbonates in rocks (e.g., limestone) Carbon is essential because it forms the “backbone” of organic compounds (food and body tissues).
2.2 Meaning of the Carbon Cycle Carbon cycle: the process by which carbon is recycled and moved continuously among: Atmosphere (CO₂ gas) Plants and animals (carbon in food and tissues) Soil (dead matter and humus) Oceans/rivers/lakes (dissolved CO₂ and carbonates) Rocks and fossil fuels (long-term storage)
Key idea: Carbon does not disappear; it changes form and location.
2.3 Photosynthesis: Removing CO₂ from Air (Carbon “In”) Photosynthesis happens in green plants (and algae). Plants take in CO₂ from air and use sunlight to make food (glucose).