Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2
FIRST AID, INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
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FIRST AID, INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
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Subject: Physical Education And Health
Class: JHS 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 9
Grade code: B8.1.3.1.2
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: B8.1.3.1
Indicator code: B8.1.3.1.2
Theme: HEALTH EDUCATION
Subtheme: FIRST AID, INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
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In Physical Education and sports, injuries can happen suddenly—during football at the school park, athletics on the field, or even during inter-house sports. Knowing basic first aid principles helps learners to prevent injuries from getting worse, save lives, and support safe participation in physical activity. In Ghana, where access to a clinic may not be immediate during school sports, learners must know what to do first while waiting for a trained health worker. Indicator alignment (B8.1.3.1.2): Learners will apply the principles of first aid in different sports situations (bleeding, unconsciousness, choking, sprains, etc.) using internationally accepted basic principles.
A. Meaning and Aims of First Aid First aid is the immediate care given to an injured or suddenly ill person before professional medical help arrives.
Aims of first aid (3 Ps): Preserve life (prevent death) Prevent the condition from worsening Promote recovery (comfort, correct positioning, reassurance) B. Safety First: The First Aid Golden Rules Before helping, the first aider must: Ensure the scene is safe (no traffic, broken glass, electric wires, aggressive crowd). Protect yourself (use gloves; avoid contact with blood). Call for help early (teacher, school nurse, ambulance/112 or local emergency contacts). Do not move the casualty unnecessarily, especially if you suspect neck/spine injury. Reassure the casualty and keep them calm. C. Internationally Accepted Basic Principles: DRABC (Primary Survey) DRABC helps you decide what to do first. D – Danger: Check danger to you, the casualty, and others (e.g., football field with a moving ball, running athletes, broken bottle). R – Response: Check if the person is responsive: Talk loudly: “Are you okay?” Gently tap shoulder (do not shake violently) A – Airway: If unresponsive, open airway: Head tilt–chin lift (unless neck injury suspected) Remove visible obstruction (do not sweep blindly) B – Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for breathing for about 10 seconds. If not breathing: call for help and begin CPR (teacher/health professional should lead; learners can assist by calling, bringing kit, crowd control). C – Circulation / Severe bleeding: Check for severe bleeding; control it quickly.
> Important for JHS level: Learners must know how to call for help, control bleeding, place in recovery position, and manage choking safely. D. Contents of a First Aid Kit and Uses (Sports Setting) A good school sports first aid kit should include: Disposable gloves – protect first aider from blood/body fluids Sterile gauze pads/dressings – cover wounds, absorb blood Roller bandage/crepe bandage – support sprains, hold dressings Triangular bandage – arm sling, head bandage, support Plasters (adhesive bandages) – small cuts/blisters Antiseptic wipes/solution (e.g., iodine/chlorhexidine) – clean around wounds Cotton wool – cleaning (use carefully; avoid leaving fibres in deep wounds) Scissors – cut bandage/clothing Safety pins – secure bandages/slings Instant cold pack/ice pack – reduce swelling in sprains/bruises Thermometer – check temperature (illness/heat exhaustion) Face mask/CPR shield (if available) – safer rescue breathing Tweezers – remove splinters (only if visible and easy) Hand sanitizer – hygiene Notebook and pen – record incident, time, actions taken
Note: Medicines (painkillers, antibiotics) should not be given by learners without school policy and adult supervision. E. Common Sports Injuries and First Aid Management 1) Bleeding (Cuts, Nosebleed) Types: Minor bleeding (small cut) Severe bleeding (heavy flow, soaking cloth quickly)