Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2
ENERGY
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ENERGY
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 7
Grade code: B8.4.1.2.2
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B8.4.1.2
Indicator code: B8.4.1.2.2
Theme: FORCES AND ENERGY
Subtheme: ENERGY
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Energy is what makes things work—lighting our homes, charging phones, pumping water, running factories, and cooking food. In Ghana, we use energy from hydro (Akosombo), thermal plants, solar panels, biomass (charcoal/firewood), wind, and petrol/diesel. Because energy sources can be expensive, limited, or harmful to the environment, we must learn how to manage energy sources well—especially renewable energy sources (solar, wind, hydro, biomass) so they last longer, work efficiently, and reduce pollution.
A. Meaning of Energy and Energy Sources Energy: The ability to do work or cause change (e.g., lighting a bulb, moving a car, heating water). Energy source: Anything that can provide usable energy. Types of energy sources Renewable energy sources: Can be replaced naturally in a short time. Examples: Solar, wind, hydro (water), biomass (plant/animal matter), geothermal. Non-renewable energy sources: Limited; take millions of years to form. Examples: Crude oil, natural gas, coal. B. What does “Managing Energy Sources” mean? Managing energy sources means using and controlling energy resources in a way that: ensures efficiency (less waste), ensures safety, reduces cost, reduces environmental harm, increases reliability (steady supply), ensures sustainability (available for future use).
In this indicator, the focus is on demonstrating how to manage sources of renewable energy.
C. Stages in Managing Renewable Energy Sources (Step-by-step) A clear way to teach management is to use stages (like a project cycle). Learners can remember it as P-I-O-M-E: Planning / Assessment Identify the energy need (lighting, pumping water, powering a clinic). Study the location: sunlight hours, wind speed, water flow, available biomass. Consider costs, benefits, and environmental impact.
Example (Ghana context): A community in Northern Ghana needs light for evening studies. Planning checks: strong sunlight → solar is suitable. Installation / Development Acquire the right technology (solar panels, wind turbine, micro-hydro turbine). Install correctly using trained technicians. Ensure safety standards (proper wiring, earthing, strong mounting). Operation (Proper Use) Use the system correctly to avoid damage and waste. Follow user guidelines (e.g., do not overload inverters, avoid illegal connections). Use energy-saving appliances (LED bulbs). Maintenance (Care and Repairs) Regular cleaning, inspection, and replacement of worn-out parts. Preventive maintenance reduces breakdowns and cost.