Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2
ENERGY
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ENERGY
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 8
Grade code: B8.4.1.3.1
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B8.4.1.3
Indicator code: B8.4.1.3.1
Theme: FORCES AND ENERGY
Subtheme: ENERGY
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In everyday life in Ghana, we often say “the sun is hot,” “the water is hot,” or “the room temperature is high.” But in Science, heat and temperature are not the same. Understanding the differences and relationship between heat and temperature helps learners to: cook safely and efficiently (e.g., boiling water, frying), understand weather and climate (hot afternoons, cool nights), use appliances correctly (iron, fridge, air-conditioner), prevent burns and manage fever. This lesson focuses on Energy under Forces and Energy, specifically heat energy and temperature.
A. Meaning of Temperature Temperature is the measure of how hot or cold a body is. Scientifically, temperature tells us the average kinetic energy (average speed of movement) of the particles in a substance. If particles move faster on average → higher temperature If particles move slower on average → lower temperature
Units of temperature Degree Celsius (°C) – common in Ghana (weather reports, thermometers) Kelvin (K) – SI unit used in scientific work Relationship: K = °C + 273 (more accurately +273.15)
Measuring instrument Thermometer (clinical thermometer for body, laboratory thermometer for experiments)
Example (Ghana context) A child with fever may have a temperature of 38°C. Afternoon temperature in Tamale may be 36°C.