Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Explain movement concepts in local wrestling.
• Adapt rules and equipment for inclusion.
• Organise a small-group competition.
• Use a self-journal to track your activity.

Lesson summary

Organised sports and physical activity participation means taking part in planned, rule-based activities such as school sports, inter-house competitions, community games, and club sports. In Ghana, these activities help learners build fitness, discipline, teamwork, confidence, and healthy lifestyles. They also teach learners how to move safely and effectively (movement concepts), follow strategies, and include everyone—girls and boys, learners with different abilities, and learners of different body sizes.

Lesson notes

A. Meaning of Organised Sports and Physical Activity Participation Organised sports are structured physical activities with: Rules (what is allowed/not allowed) Officials/leadership (teacher, captain, referee) Planned time and space (pitch, court, marked area) Safety procedures (warm-up, protective rules) Fair competition (matching, scoring)

Physical activity participation means actively taking part, not watching. It includes: School PE practical lessons Inter-house sports Community games (ampe, chaskele, pilolo with movement, traditional wrestling) Clubs (football, athletics, taekwondo, etc.) B. Movement Concepts (What you do with your body) Movement concepts are the “building blocks” of movement: Body awareness: knowing where your body parts are and controlling them. Space awareness: using space well—moving forward/backward/sideways, staying inside boundaries. Effort: how strong/fast you move (light vs strong; slow vs fast). Relationships: working with/against a partner (distance, grip, timing).

Example (Ghanaian context): In a school wrestling circle drawn on the ground, a learner must: Keep feet inside the circle (space awareness), Control arms and hips during grips (body awareness), Use light-to-moderate force (effort), Maintain safe distance and respectful contact (relationships). C. Movement Principles (Why movement works) These principles explain how to move effectively: Balance Balance is the ability to control your body without falling. In wrestling, balance is key: if you lose balance, you can be taken down. Base of Support Your base of support is the area under you (usually between your feet). Wider stance = more stable. Narrow stance = easier to push off but less stable. Centre of Gravity The point where your body weight is balanced. Lowering your centre of gravity (bending knees, hips low) improves stability. Leverage Using your body position to gain advantage with less effort. Example: pulling at an angle rather than straight back can unbalance an opponent. Force and Timing Applying force at the right time is better than using too much force. Example: when an opponent steps forward, a small pull can break their balance. Pacing (Individual adaptation) Pacing means controlling effort over time. Beginners should use short rounds and moderate intensity to avoid fatigue and injury. Learners adapt pacing based on fitness level and confidence. D. Strategies in Beginner–Intermediate Local Wrestling Wrestling strategy is not “fighting”; it is controlled movement with rules.

Key beginner–intermediate strategies: Stance and ready position Feet shoulder-width apart, knees bent, back straight, hands up. Footwork and angles Move sideways to create an angle; don’t move straight back only. Push–pull strategy Push to make opponent resist, then pull when they push back (or vice versa). Feints Pretend to move one way, then go another way to create an opening. Control the grip Safe grips: wrist control, forearm control, shoulder/upper arm hold (no choking). Safe counter If pulled, step to regain balance; widen base; lower hips. E. Safety Rules (Non-negotiable) To keep organised participation safe: Warm up before activity; cool down after. No choking, twisting fingers, striking, or lifting high. Stop immediately when teacher/referee blows whistle. Use a safe surface (grass, sand, mats if available). Trim nails; remove sharp objects (rings, watches). Pair learners by similar size/strength when possible. F. Adapted Rules and Equipment for Inclusion Inclusion means everyone participates meaningfully.

Evaluation guide

• Apply movement concepts, principles and strategies in learning beginning -
• intermediate level local wrestling, based on individual adaptation and pacing.
• Use adapted rules and equipment to foster inclusion.
• Create and organise small-group competitions to develop confidence,