Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 2

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Identify different drawing instruments.
• Draw basic plane figures like squares, circles, and triangles.
• Use drawing instruments correctly for precision.
• Explain the importance of scale and proportion.
• Create a simple design using multiple plane figures.

Lesson summary

Welcome, learners! In our world, everything we build or make starts with a plan or a drawing. From the house we live in, to the patterns in our beautiful Kente and Smock fabrics, to the furniture in our classrooms, someone first had to draw the shapes accurately. Communicating a design effectively begins with the ability to draw its basic components – plane figures – with precision. Today, we will learn the foundation of all technical drawing: how to use drawing instruments to construct common plane figures accurately. This skill is not just for architects or engineers; it is a vital skill for carpenters, tailors, graphic designers, and many other professions right here in Ghana.

Lesson notes

2.1. What are Plane Figures?

Plane figures are flat, two-dimensional (2D) shapes. They have length and width but no thickness. We see them everywhere. Examples include squares, rectangles, triangles, circles, and hexagons. In design, these are the building blocks for more complex drawings. 2.2. Essential Drawing Instruments and Their Uses

To draw accurately, we cannot rely on freehand sketching alone. We must use special tools called drawing instruments.

| Instrument | Image/Description | Primary Use | | :--- | :--- | :--- | | Drawing Board | A flat, smooth board where paper is attached. | Provides a stable and flat surface for drawing. | | T-Square | A T-shaped ruler. | Used to draw accurate horizontal lines. Also acts as a base for set squares to draw vertical and angled lines. | | Set Squares | Triangular rulers. Two main types: 45°-45°-90° and 30°-60°-90°. | Used with the T-square to draw vertical lines (90°) and lines at specific angles (30°, 45°, 60°). | | Pair of Compasses | An instrument with two legs joined at a hinge. One leg has a needle point, the other holds a pencil. | Used to draw circles and arcs. Also used to mark off equal lengths. | | Protractor | A semi-circular instrument marked with degrees (0° to 180°). | Used to measure and draw angles of any size. | | Ruler/Scale | A straight edge marked with units (cm, mm). | Used to measure lengths and draw straight lines. | | Pencil | (e.g., HB for general lines, 2H for construction lines) | For drawing. Use a sharp pencil for accuracy. | 2.3. Basic Geometric Constructions