Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Identify and explain different types of fractions.
• Perform basic operations with fractions.
• Convert between fractions, decimals, and percentages.
• Solve real-world problems involving fractions.

Lesson summary

Fractions are a fundamental part of our daily lives in Ghana, even when we don't realise it. We use them when we share a meal with family, buy items at the market like "half a tuber of yam," or measure ingredients for cooking. As you prepare for your BECE, having a strong and confident understanding of how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions is essential for solving more complex problems in mathematics and other subjects. This lesson will review the core concepts of fractions and ensure you can confidently perform all basic operations.

Lesson notes

This section is a detailed review of the concepts you have learned in previous years. We will go through them step-by-step to build a solid foundation. A. What is a Fraction? A fraction represents a part of a whole. It is written as `a/b`, where: `a` is the Numerator: It tells us the number of parts we have. `b` is the Denominator: It tells us the total number of equal parts the whole has been divided into.

*Example:* If a pie of `banku` is cut into 8 equal pieces and you eat 3 of them, you have eaten 3/8 of the `banku`. B. Types of Fractions Proper Fraction: The numerator is smaller than the denominator (e.g., `1/2`, `3/4`, `5/9`). The value is always less than 1. Improper Fraction: The numerator is greater than or equal to the denominator (e.g., `5/4`, `7/3`, `8/8`). The value is 1 or more. Mixed Fraction (or Mixed Number): A whole number and a proper fraction combined (e.g., `1 1/4`, `2 3/5`). It's a different way to write an improper fraction. C. Converting Between Fraction Types This is a very important skill for performing operations.

i. Converting a Mixed Fraction to an Improper Fraction *Rule:* (Whole Number × Denominator) + Numerator, all over the original Denominator.

*Worked Example:* Convert `3 2/5` to an improper fraction. Multiply the whole number by the denominator: `3 × 5 = 15` Add the numerator to the result: `15 + 2 = 17` Write this new number over the original denominator: 17/5