Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Identify specialised cells in dicot plants.
• Describe the structure of these cells.
• Explain the function of each cell type.
• Relate these functions to a plant's survival.

Lesson summary

Living things are made of cells, but not all cells do the same work. In plants, different cells become specialised to perform particular functions that help the plant survive—such as controlling water loss, transporting water and food, and helping the plant grow thicker. Understanding specialised plant cells helps learners explain everyday Ghanaian experiences like: why leaves wilt in the dry season, why plants need water to stand firm, and how trees like mango, neem, and cocoa grow taller and thicker.

Lesson notes

A. Meaning of “Specialised Cells” A cell is the basic unit of life. Specialised cells are cells that have developed particular structures to do a specific job efficiently. In plants, specialisation helps the plant: reduce water loss, exchange gases, transport water/minerals/food, grow in height and thickness, remain firm and upright.

> Important idea: In Biology, structure fits function. If you know the shape/features of a cell, you can often predict its job.

B. Specialised Cells in Dicotyledonous Plants (Focus Cells)

We will examine four specialised cells commonly found in dicot plants (e.g., beans, groundnut, hibiscus, mango, cocoa seedlings).

Evaluation guide

• Observe specialised dicotyledonous plant cells such as epidermal,
• guard cells, cambium, xylem from videos and charts and identify them
• by their names and shapes.
• Search from books and the internet for information on the functions