Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 3
THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
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THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 3
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 1
Grade code: B9.3.1.1.2
Strand code: 3
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: B9.3.1.1
Indicator code: B9.3.1.1.2
Theme: SYSTEMS
Subtheme: THE HUMAN BODY SYSTEM
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Respiration is the process that helps our bodies release energy from food so we can move, think, grow, and keep warm. In Ghana, learners experience respiration daily—during football, carrying water, walking to school, dancing, or even when recovering from malaria or asthma. Understanding respiration also helps learners appreciate why clean air, good posture, and healthy lungs are important, and how the blood and lungs work together to supply oxygen to the whole body.
A. Meaning of Respiration Respiration is a chemical process in living cells that releases energy from food (especially glucose). This energy is used for life activities such as movement, growth, repair, and maintaining body temperature. Respiration happens in cells, mainly in the mitochondria. Respiration is not the same as breathing. Breathing vs Respiration (Clear difference) Breathing (ventilation): Physical movement of air into and out of the lungs. Inhalation: taking air in Exhalation: pushing air out Respiration: Chemical breakdown of food in cells to release energy. Can be aerobic (uses oxygen) or anaerobic (without oxygen) B. Types of Respiration (JHS focus) 1) Aerobic Respiration (with oxygen) This is the main type in humans.
Word equation: > Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy (ATP/heat)
What it means: Glucose comes from digested carbohydrates (e.g., kenkey, rice, yam, banku). Oxygen comes from inhaled air. Carbon dioxide and water are waste products. Energy is released for body activities.
Why aerobic respiration is important: Provides a lot of energy Supports sustained activities like running, playing football, or farming work. 2) Anaerobic Respiration (without enough oxygen) This may happen in muscles during very vigorous activity (e.g., sprinting).