Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - JHS 3
SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY
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SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY
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Subject: Science
Class: JHS 3
Term: 3rd Term
Week: 10
Grade code: B9.5.3.2.1
Strand code: 5
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: B9.5.3.2
Indicator code: B9.5.3.2.1
Theme: HUMANS AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Subtheme: SCIENCE AND INDUSTRY
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Science and Industry helps learners understand how goods and services are produced in Ghana and how technology improves production. In our communities we see industries such as palm oil processing, gari production, fish smoking, sachet water production, carpentry, dressmaking, welding, and block making. Knowing what an industry is and how technology affects it helps learners to: appreciate local (indigenous) skills and innovations, understand modern factory systems, make informed choices about careers, entrepreneurship, and environmental responsibility.
A. Meaning of “Industry” An industry is a group of many firms or producers that make the same type of product or provide the same type of service. If several different businesses produce sachet water, they all belong to the sachet water industry. If many businesses sew clothes, they belong to the garment (dressmaking) industry. Key idea (NaCCA exemplar) > Industry = individual firms producing the same commodity (i.e., many firms making similar goods). B. Meaning of “Firm” (to help learners distinguish) A firm is one business unit (one company or one producer) that makes goods or provides services. Example: “Amina’s Dressmaking Shop” is a firm. All dressmaking shops together in the town form the garment industry. C. Distinguishing: Industry vs Firm (Simple Table)
| Term | Meaning | Example in Ghana | |---|---|---| | Firm | One business/producer | “Kofi’s Welding Shop” | | Industry | Many firms producing the same commodity/service | Welding/metal fabrication industry in the district | D. Types of Industries (Simple classification for JHS) Industries can be grouped by what they do: Primary industries: obtain raw materials from nature Examples: farming (cocoa, maize), fishing, mining. Secondary industries: process raw materials into finished/semi-finished goods Examples: gari processing, palm oil extraction, timber processing, cement/block making. Tertiary industries: provide services Examples: transport, banking, ICT services, education, health.
> Note: In this lesson, we focus mainly on production industries and how technology affects them.
E. Technology and Industry Technology means the tools, machines, methods, and skills used to do work.