Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 1
ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF ANIMALS
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ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF ANIMALS
Download the Lessonotes Mobile Ghana app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Agricultural Science
Class: SHS 1
Term: 1st Term
Week: 13
Grade code: 1.2.2.LI.3
Strand code: 2
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 1.2.2.CS.1
Indicator code: 1.2.2.LI.3
Theme: FARMING FOR JOBS AND INCOME
Subtheme: ECONOMIC PRODUCTION OF ANIMALS
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In Ghana, poultry farming is a very important business. Many of us eat chicken and eggs regularly, especially during celebrations like Christmas, Easter, and Eid. However, simply raising healthy birds is not enough to be successful. A farmer must know how to sell them to make a profit. This lesson moves beyond the farm and focuses on the business side of poultry: how to get the birds and eggs from the farm to the final consumer and how to convince people to buy them. Understanding these marketing and distribution channels is the key to turning a small poultry farm into a profitable enterprise, creating jobs and income for individuals and communities.
This topic is all about the journey of poultry from the farm to our plates. Let's break down the key ideas. A. Differentiating Poultry Produce from Poultry Products
It is important to understand what we are selling. Poultry Produce: These are the primary, raw items from the farm, with little to no processing. Examples: Live birds (broilers, layers, cockerels), fresh table eggs. Poultry Products: These are items that have undergone some form of processing, which often adds value. Examples: Dressed/frozen chicken, smoked chicken, fried chicken pieces, gizzard kebabs, powdered eggs, mayonnaise.
A farmer can choose to sell produce, products, or both. Selling products usually brings in more money per bird but requires extra work and equipment. B. What is a Distribution Outlet?
A distribution outlet is a place or a channel through which a farmer's poultry produce and products reach the final consumer. Think of it as the link or the bridge between the farmer and the person who will eat the chicken or eggs. Types of Distribution Outlets in Ghana Retailers of Live Birds (Local Markets): Description: These are traders, often women, in open-air markets like Makola in Accra, Kejetia in Kumasi, or any local community market. They buy live birds in bulk from farmers and sell them individually to households. Context: This is a very common channel, especially for festivals. Customers can see and select the live bird they want. Eateries, Restaurants, and "Chop Bars": Description: These are food vendors who buy poultry to cook and sell as meals. This ranges from local fried rice joints and kenkey sellers to large fast-food chains like Papaye's, Marwako, and KFC. Context: This is a huge and consistent market. They need a regular supply of either live birds or dressed chicken. Hotels and Guesthouses: Description: Hotels have kitchens that serve guests. They require a reliable supply of high-quality poultry products, often dressed chicken and fresh eggs, meeting specific size and quality standards. Context: Examples include Movenpick Ambassador Hotel Accra or Golden Tulip Hotel Kumasi. They buy in large quantities but have very strict requirements for hygiene and consistency. Supermarkets and Grocery Stores: Description: These are modern retail outlets like Shoprite, Melcom, and Palace Hypermarket. They primarily sell processed and packaged poultry products, such as frozen whole chickens, chicken parts (wings, thighs), and cartons of graded eggs. Context: To supply supermarkets, a farmer often needs good packaging, branding, and certification from the Food and Drugs Authority (FDA). Event Organisers and Caterers: Description: These businesses provide food for events like weddings, funerals, outdoorings, and corporate functions. They place large, specific orders for poultry based on the number of guests. Context: This is a very important market in Ghana due to our vibrant culture of social events. A caterer might order 100 chickens for a single wedding reception. Direct to Consumer (Farm Gate Sales): Description: The farmer sells directly to individuals from the farm itself. People from the local community come to the farm to buy fresh eggs or live birds. Context: This is common for small-scale or backyard farmers. It cuts out the middleman, so the farmer can get a better price, and the customer gets a very fresh product. C. What is Marketing?