Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
ENGINEERING MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND MACHINES
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ENGINEERING MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND MACHINES
Download the Lessonotes Mobile Ghana app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Applied Technology
Class: SHS 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 11
Grade code: 2.2.1.LI.2
Strand code: 2
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: 2.2.1.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.2.1.LI.2
Theme: METAL TECHNOLOGY
Subtheme: ENGINEERING MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND MACHINES
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In Ghana, from the local welder in Suame Magazine fixing a car part, to the artisan in Accra crafting beautiful metal gates, the ability to shape and join metal is a vital skill. Two of the most fundamental operations in any metal workshop are creating holes and shaping or sharpening metal. This lesson introduces you to the tools and machines that make this possible: the twist drill, the drilling machine, and the grinding machine. Mastering their use is not just about passing an exam; it is the first step towards being able to repair, create, and innovate with metal, a skill that can lead to a career or simply help you fix things around your own home.
This section breaks down the essential knowledge needed to understand the tools and machines for this lesson. 2.1 The Twist Drill
A twist drill (or drill bit) is a rotary cutting tool used to create circular holes in various materials. It is the most common type of drill bit used in workshops. It is typically made from High-Speed Steel (HSS) because HSS can withstand the high temperatures generated during drilling without losing its hardness.
Key Parts of a Twist Drill:
*(Teacher should draw a similar diagram on the board)* Shank: This is the end of the drill that is gripped by the chuck of the drilling machine. It can be straight (parallel) or tapered. Body: This is the main part of the drill, extending from the shank to the point. It contains the flutes. Flutes: These are the spiral grooves that run along the body of the drill. They have two main purposes: They form the cutting edges. They act as a channel to carry chips (called *swarf*) away from the hole being drilled. Land: The narrow strip between the flutes. It provides stability to the drill bit within the hole. Point: The cone-shaped cutting end of the drill. The standard angle for the point is 118 degrees for general-purpose drilling in mild steel. Cutting Lips (Cutting Edges): These are the sharp edges at the point of the drill that do the actual cutting of the material. There are two cutting lips on a standard twist drill. 2.2 The Drilling Machine