Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
ENGINEERING MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND MACHINES
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ENGINEERING MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND MACHINES
Download the Lessonotes Mobile Ghana app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Applied Technology
Class: SHS 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 11
Grade code: 2.2.1.LI.3
Strand code: 2
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: 2.2.1.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.2.1.LI.3
Theme: METAL TECHNOLOGY
Subtheme: ENGINEERING MATERIALS, TOOLS, AND MACHINES
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This lesson introduces two of the most fundamental and versatile machines in any engineering workshop: the centre lathe and the shaping machine. Have you ever wondered how a perfectly round metal shaft for a motor is made, or how a flat, smooth surface is created on a block of steel? These machines are the answer. Understanding how to operate them safely and effectively is a core skill for any technician, engineer, or artisan. In Ghana, from the workshops at Suame Magazine in Kumasi to local fabrication shops making parts for corn mills and vehicles, these machines are essential for creating, repairing, and innovating.
This section covers the essential knowledge you need about the centre lathe and the shaping machine. A. The Centre Lathe: The "Mother of Machine Tools"
The lathe is a machine tool that rotates a workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, facing, and turning. The workpiece is held and rotated, while a cutting tool is advanced into it.
Working Principle: The basic principle is to generate cylindrical surfaces. The workpiece rotates, and the cutting tool moves linearly, parallel or perpendicular to the axis of rotation.
Main Parts and their Functions: Bed: The foundation of the machine. All other parts are mounted on it. It has guideways to ensure the precise movement of the carriage and tailstock. Headstock: Located on the left side of the bed. It houses the main spindle, gears, and the mechanism for driving the workpiece. Spindle: The hollow shaft that rotates. Chuck: The device that holds the workpiece. The most common is the three-jaw self-centering chuck. Tailstock: Located on the right side of the bed. It is movable and can be used to support the other end of a long workpiece or to hold tools for drilling, reaming, etc. Carriage: Moves along the guideways between the headstock and tailstock. It carries the cutting tool. It has several parts: Saddle: The H-shaped part that slides along the bed ways. Cross-slide: Moves the cutting tool perpendicularly to the axis of the workpiece (in and out). Compound Rest (Top Slide): Can be swiveled to any angle to perform taper turning. Tool Post: Sits on the compound rest and holds the cutting tool firmly. Lead Screw: A long threaded rod located at the front of the machine. It is used for cutting threads accurately. Feed Rod: A long shaft that transmits power to the carriage for automatic (power) feeding of the cutting tool.