Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
PATTERNS AND RELATIONS
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PATTERNS AND RELATIONS
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Subject: Mathematics
Class: SHS 2
Term: 1st Term
Week: 15
Grade code: 2.2.2.LI.2
Strand code: 2
Sub-strand code: 2
Content standard code: 2.2.2.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.2.2.LI.2
Theme: ALGEBRAIC REASONING
Subtheme: PATTERNS AND RELATIONS
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This lesson introduces students to Arithmetic Progressions (AP), a fundamental concept in understanding patterns. Patterns are all around us in Ghana – from the arrangement of seats in the National Theatre, to the way a "susu" collector records daily contributions, or even how a farmer might plant rows of yam. Understanding APs gives us the mathematical tools to predict future values, calculate totals efficiently, and solve real-world problems involving consistent growth or decline. This lesson builds on students' prior knowledge of linear patterns and algebraic substitution.
A. What is a Sequence? A sequence is simply a list of numbers arranged in a specific order or rule. Each number in the sequence is called a term. Example 1: 2, 4, 6, 8, ... (Rule: Add 2 to the previous term) Example 2: 1, 3, 9, 27, ... (Rule: Multiply the previous term by 3) Example 3: 50, 45, 40, 35, ... (Rule: Subtract 5 from the previous term)
Teacher's Activity (Talk for Learning): Ask the class to distinguish between the rules in Example 1/3 and Example 2. Guide them to see that some sequences involve repeated addition/subtraction, while others involve repeated multiplication/division. Today, we focus on the first type.
B. What is an Arithmetic Progression (AP)? An Arithmetic Progression (also called a linear sequence) is a sequence where the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant. This constant difference is called the common difference (d). To find the common difference, you subtract any term from the term that comes immediately after it. d = (2nd term) - (1st term) = (3rd term) - (2nd term), and so on.