Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
Health and Wellness
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Health and Wellness
Download the Lessonotes Mobile Ghana app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Physical Education Health Core
Class: SHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 1
Grade code: 2.1.3.LI.6
Strand code: 1
Sub-strand code: 3
Content standard code: 2.1.3.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.1.3.LI.6
Theme: Physical Activity and Health
Subtheme: Health and Wellness
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This lesson introduces the essential life-saving skills of First Aid. In Ghana, we often find ourselves in situations where someone gets injured – during an inter-school sports competition ("Inter-Co"), playing football in the community, at the market, or even at home. Knowing what to do in the first few minutes before professional medical help arrives can prevent an injury from becoming worse and can even save a life. This lesson will equip learners with the practical knowledge and confidence to act calmly and effectively in an emergency. We will focus on common injuries that learners are likely to encounter in their daily lives.
A. What is First Aid? First Aid is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone who is injured or suddenly becomes ill, before the arrival of an ambulance, a doctor, or other trained medical personnel. It is a temporary measure, but a very important one.
B. The Aims of First Aid (The 3 Ps) The goals of any first aid action can be remembered with the "3 Ps": Preserve Life: The main goal is to save the person's life. This includes managing life-threatening conditions like severe bleeding or stopped breathing. Prevent Worsening: To stop the person's condition from getting worse. This could mean immobilising a broken limb to prevent further damage or cooling a burn to stop it from going deeper. Promote Recovery: To help the person start to recover. This can include simple actions like applying a plaster to a small cut or comforting the person to reduce shock.
C. Primary Survey: The DRABC Action Plan When you encounter a casualty, you must assess the situation quickly and safely. The DRABC action plan helps you do this systematically. D - Danger: Check for any danger to yourself, the casualty, and others. Is there traffic? A live electrical wire? A fire? Do not rush in. Make the area safe before you approach the person. R - Response: Check if the person is conscious. Gently tap their shoulders and ask loudly, "Hello? Can you hear me? Open your eyes." If they respond, they are conscious. If they do not respond, they are unconscious. A - Airway: Check if their airway is open and clear. If the person is unconscious, their tongue might block their throat. Gently tilt their head back and lift their chin to open the airway. Remove any visible obstructions from the mouth (like food or vomit). B - Breathing: Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds. Look for chest movements. Listen for sounds of breathing near their mouth. Feel for their breath on your cheek. C - Circulation: If the person is breathing, check for signs of severe bleeding. Look over their body for any blood-soaked clothing or pools of blood. Control any severe bleeding with direct pressure.
D. Managing Common Injuries