Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 2
TOOLS AND MACHINES IN WOODWORK INDUSTRY
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TOOLS AND MACHINES IN WOODWORK INDUSTRY
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Subject: Applied Technology
Class: SHS 2
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 5
Grade code: 2.4.1.LI.2
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: 2.4.1.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.4.1.LI.2
Theme: WOOD TECHNOLOGY
Subtheme: TOOLS AND MACHINES IN WOODWORK INDUSTRY
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Teacher's Name: [Your Name Here] Week Ending: [Date] Class: SHS 2 Lesson: 1 of [Number of Lessons in Topic]
In woodworking, having the right tool for the job is crucial for accuracy, safety, and efficiency. We can group these tools into categories based on what they do. Category 1: Geometrical Tools (Measuring, Marking & Setting Out) These tools are used for precision. They help us measure dimensions, mark lines for cutting, and set out angles accurately. Without them, every piece of work would be guesswork. Measuring Tools: Steel Rule: A flat metal ruler used for measuring short, straight distances. It is more durable and accurate than a wooden ruler. Measuring Tape: A flexible tape measure in a case, used for measuring longer distances and curved lines. It is essential on any construction site. Marking Tools: Carpenter's Pencil: A flat-sided pencil that won't roll off the bench. Used for general marking. Marking Gauge: A tool with a wooden stock, a stem, and a single steel spur (pin). It is used to scribe a line parallel to a straight edge of the wood. This is crucial for marking the thickness or width of a piece. Mortise Gauge: Similar to a marking gauge but has two spurs. One is fixed, and the other is adjustable. It is used to mark two parallel lines at once, which is perfect for marking out a mortise (a rectangular hole) for a joint. Setting Out Tools: Try Square: An L-shaped tool with a steel blade and a wooden or metal stock. It is used for marking and testing lines at a perfect 90° (right angle) to an edge. Sliding Bevel: Similar to a try square, but its blade can be adjusted and locked at any angle. It is used for marking and testing angles other than 90°, like those needed for roofing trusses. Category 2: Abrading and Cutting Tools These are the tools that shape the wood by removing material. Saws (Abrading Cut): Saws cut by the abrasive action of many small teeth, each scraping away a tiny bit of wood. Tenon Saw: A short saw with a stiffening brass or steel rib on the back. It has fine teeth and is used for making accurate cuts for joints, like tenons. Cross-cut Saw: A large saw with teeth shaped like small knives. It is designed to cut across the wood grain efficiently. Rip Saw: A large saw with teeth shaped like small chisels. It is designed to cut along (parallel to) the wood grain. Paring & Shaping Tools: These tools shave or scrape wood away. Bench Plane (e.g., Jack Plane): Used to smooth and flatten large surfaces of wood. It has a sharp blade that shaves off thin layers of wood. Chisels (e.g., Firmer Chisel): A steel tool with a sharpened cutting edge at one end. Used with a mallet to carve and cut out joints, like mortises. Spokeshave: Looks like a plane with two handles. It is used for shaping and smoothing curved surfaces, like the legs of a chair or the handle of a tool. Category 3: Boring Tools These tools are specifically designed for making holes in wood. Ratchet Brace: A large, crank-shaped tool that provides high torque (turning force). It is used with auger bits to bore large-diameter holes slowly and powerfully. Hand Drill (Egg-beater Drill): A geared tool used for drilling small-diameter holes quickly. It is operated by turning a crank which spins the drill bit. Woodwork Bits: The cutting part that fits into a brace or drill. Auger Bit: Has a screw tip that pulls it into the wood, making it easy to bore deep holes. Twist Drill Bit: The same kind used for metal, but also effective for small, clean holes in wood. Category 4: Impelling (Driving) Tools These tools are used to apply force to another object, like driving a nail or a chisel. Claw Hammer: A hammer with a flat face for driving nails and a V-shaped claw at the back for pulling nails out. Mallet: A hammer with a large wooden head. It is used to strike wooden-handled tools like chisels. Using a mallet prevents damage to the chisel handle. Screwdriver: Used to drive screws into wood or remove them. Comes in different types (Flat-head, Star/Phillips). Nail Punch (or Nail Set): A small steel rod. After a nail is hammered almost all the way in, the nail punch is placed on the nail head and struck with a hammer to drive the nail head just below the wood surface. This allows the hole to be filled for a smooth finish. Category 5: Holding and Supporting Tools These tools act as a "third hand," holding the workpiece securely while you work on it. Bench Vice: A large vice attached to the side of a workbench. It is used to clamp wood firmly in place for planing, sawing, or chiselling. G-Cramp (or C-Clamp): A C-shaped metal clamp. It is used to hold pieces of wood together, especially when gluing them. Sash Cramp: A long bar with two adjustable jaws. It is used for clamping large frames like doors, window frames, and table tops during glue-up.
Guided Practice (With Solutions)
Here are some questions to help us think through these concepts together.
Question 1: A carpenter has the following tools on her bench: a Try Square, a Mallet, a Tenon Saw, a G-Cramp, and a Marking Gauge. Place each tool into its correct category from the list we have learned. Solution: Try Square: Geometrical Tool (Setting Out) Mallet: Impelling (Driving) Tool Tenon Saw: Abrading and Cutting Tool G-Cramp: Holding and Supporting Tool Marking Gauge: Geometrical Tool (Marking) Commentary: This exercise helps us practice simple recall and classification. Notice how each tool's name often gives a clue to its function.