Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 3
ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN
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Subject: Applied Technology
Class: SHS 3
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 10
Grade code: 2.4.1.LI.8
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: 2.4.1.CS.1
Indicator code: 2.4.1.LI.8
Theme: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC TECHNOLOGY
Subtheme: ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS DESIGN
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Welcome, future engineers and technicians! Today, we are exploring a very important concept in electrical systems: Voltage Regulation of Transformers. Imagine the lights in your house suddenly dimming when your mother turns on the electric oven, or your phone charging very slowly at certain times. These are often effects of poor voltage control. The transformer that brings power from the Electricity Company of Ghana (ECG) to your neighbourhood plays a huge role in keeping the voltage stable. Understanding its voltage regulation helps us know how well it can do this job.
This section breaks down everything you need to know about transformer voltage regulation. A. What is Voltage Regulation?
First, let's remember that a transformer is designed to change voltage levels (e.g., from high voltage on the street to the 230V we use at home). An ideal transformer would give a constant output voltage, no matter how much load (how many appliances) you connect to it. A real transformer, however, has internal losses due to the resistance of its copper windings and something called 'leakage reactance'. These imperfections cause the output voltage to drop slightly as the load increases.
Definition: Voltage Regulation is a measure of how much the secondary terminal voltage of a transformer changes when the load is varied from no-load (nothing connected) to full-load (its maximum rated power), at a given power factor.
It is usually expressed as a percentage of the full-load voltage.