Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v4 - SHS 3
MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS
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MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS
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Subject: Biology
Class: SHS 3
Term: 2nd Term
Week: 12
Grade code: 3.4.1.LI.3
Strand code: 4
Sub-strand code: 1
Content standard code: 3.4.1.CS.1
Indicator code: 3.4.1.LI.3
Theme: SYSTEMS OF LIFE
Subtheme: MAMMALIAN SYSTEMS
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Good morning, class. Today, we delve into a system that allows us to do everything from walking to class, carrying our school bags, playing football, and even just sitting upright in our chairs – the Musculoskeletal System. Think of it as the framework and the engine of our bodies working together. Understanding this system is not just for passing exams; it is crucial for our own health. Knowing how our bones and muscles work helps us understand the importance of good posture, proper nutrition (like eating our *kontomire* and *keta school boys* for strong bones), and how to avoid injuries in our daily lives.
A. Components of the Musculoskeletal System
The musculoskeletal system is a complex network that gives the body its form and ability to move. It is made up of: Bones: The hard, rigid organs that form the skeleton. Cartilage: A firm, flexible connective tissue found in various parts of the body, such as on the ends of bones at joints and in the nose and ears. It acts as a shock absorber. Muscles (Skeletal): Tissues that contract and relax to produce movement. They are attached to bones. Ligaments: Tough, fibrous bands of connective tissue that connect bone to bone at a joint, providing stability. Tendons: Tough, non-elastic cords of connective tissue that connect muscle to bone. B. The Human Skeleton
The human skeleton is an endoskeleton (internal framework) made up of 206 bones in an adult. It is divided into two main parts: Axial Skeleton: The central core of the body. (Skull, Vertebral Column, Rib Cage) Appendicular Skeleton: The limbs and the girdles that attach them to the axial skeleton. (Pectoral and Pelvic Girdles and the limbs)
Functions of the Skeleton: Support: Provides a rigid framework that supports the body and keeps it upright. Just like the concrete pillars of a building. Protection: Protects delicate internal organs. For example, the skull protects the brain, the vertebral column protects the spinal cord, and the rib cage protects the heart and lungs. Movement: Bones act as levers. Muscles pull on bones to produce movement at joints. Mineral Storage: Bones store important minerals, especially calcium and phosphorus, which can be released into the blood when needed. Blood Cell Production (Haemopoiesis): Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets are produced in the red bone marrow found in certain bones like the femur and sternum.