Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 10

Lesson Video

This page supports the lesson note with a companion video and a short classroom-ready summary.

For class groups and homework, share this lesson page so learners also get the summary, objectives, and full lesson context.

Performance objectives

• Define Internet, World Wide Web, and Web Browser.
• Explain the client-server model.
• Describe the purpose of IP addresses and domain names.
• Explain the basic structure of a URL.
• Identify different types of web servers.

Lesson summary

The internet is no longer just a luxury; it's a fundamental tool for communication, education, and economic participation in South Africa. From accessing educational resources and job opportunities to connecting with family and friends across the country and the globe, understanding internet technologies and web concepts is crucial for every South African learner. This week, we'll delve into the foundational building blocks of the internet, exploring how information travels and how websites are structured. This knowledge will empower you to be informed users and potential creators of digital content.

Lesson notes

2. 1. Internet vs. World Wide Web (WWW) vs.

Web Browser: Internet: The Internet is a vast, global network of interconnected computer networks that use the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to communicate with each other. Think of it as the physical infrastructure – the roads, highways, and bridges that allow information to travel. It includes hardware such as routers, servers, and cables.

World Wide Web (WWW): The World Wide Web is a collection of interconnected documents (web pages) and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs, that are accessed via the Internet. Think of it as the traffic that travels on the Internet's roads – the actual content you see and interact with. The WWW utilizes the HTTP protocol to transfer information.

Web Browser: A web browser is a software application that allows users to access and view web pages on the World Wide Web. Examples include Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge. Think of it as the car you use to navigate the Internet's roads and access the WWW's content.

Analogy: Imagine a postal service. The Internet is the entire postal system – the post offices, trucks, planes, and postal workers. The World Wide Web is the letters and packages being sent. The Web Browser is you, going to the post office to send or receive a letter. 2.

2. Client-Server Model: The internet operates on a client-server model. This means that one computer (the client) requests a service or resource from another computer (the server).

Client: The client is typically a user's computer or device (e.g., your laptop, smartphone). It uses a web browser to request web pages from a server.

Server: The server is a more powerful computer that stores and delivers web pages and other resources to clients. When a client requests a web page, the server sends the requested files back to the client's browser.

Example: You type `www.news24.com` into your web browser (the client). Your browser sends a request to the News24 web server (the server). The server then sends the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files that make up the News24 homepage back to your browser, which displays the page. 2.

3. IP Addresses and Domain Names: IP Address (Internet Protocol Address): Every device connected to the internet has a unique IP address. This is a numerical label assigned to each device to identify it and allow it to communicate with other devices. IP addresses are like the physical addresses of houses.

There are two common versions: IPv4 (e.g., `192.168.1.1`) and IPv6 (e.g., `2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334`).

Domain Name: A domain name is a human-readable address for a website, such as `www.google.com`. Domain names are easier to remember than IP addresses.

DNS (Domain Name System): The DNS is like a phonebook for the internet. When you type a domain name into your browser, the DNS translates the domain name into the corresponding IP address. This allows your browser to connect to the correct server.

Example: When you type `www.uct.ac.za`, your computer contacts a DNS server to find the IP address associated with `www.uct.ac.za`. The DNS server returns the IP address, and your computer then connects to the UCT web server using that IP address. 2.

4. URL Structure: A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a specific resource on the internet.

It has the following basic structure: ``` protocol://domain_name/path/to/resource ``` Protocol: Specifies how the browser and server will communicate (e.g., `http://` or `https://`). `https://` indicates a secure connection.

Domain Name: The name of the website (e.g., `www.example.com`).

Path: Specifies the location of the specific resource on the server (e.g., `/images/logo.png`).

Example: In the URL `https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa`, `https://` is the protocol, `www.iol.co.za` is the domain name, and `/news/south-africa` is the path to the South Africa news section of the IOL website. 2.

5. Web Servers: Web servers are software applications that serve web pages to clients. They receive requests from clients, locate the requested files, and send them back to the client's browser.

Some popular web servers include: Apache: A widely used open-source web server.

Nginx: Another popular open-source web server known for its performance and scalability. Microsoft IIS (Internet Information Services): A web server developed by Microsoft. 2.

6. Internet Safety and Ethical Online Behaviour: Using the internet responsibly is crucial. This includes protecting your personal information, avoiding scams, and respecting the rights of others online. Always be mindful of what you share online and be respectful in your interactions with others. Be aware of cyberbullying and report any suspicious activity. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Differentiate between the Internet and the World Wide Web. Give an example of each.

Solution: Internet: The Internet is the physical network of interconnected computers that allows devices to communicate. It's the infrastructure.