Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 10

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Explain the client-server model.
• Use basic HTML to structure a webpage.
• Apply CSS to style a webpage.
• Differentiate between different types of CSS.
• Understand the role of web browsers.

Lesson summary

This week, we delve deeper into the fascinating world of internet technologies and web concepts, building upon the foundational understanding you gained last week. The internet has become an indispensable part of our lives in South Africa, impacting everything from how we access information and communicate with each other to how businesses operate and how we participate in the global economy. From accessing educational resources online and participating in online banking to connecting with family and friends on social media platforms and running your own small business from home, a solid understanding of internet technologies is crucial for success in the 21st century.

Lesson notes

2.1 The Client-Server Model The client-server model is a fundamental concept in networking and is the backbone of how the internet works. Think of it like ordering food at a restaurant.

Client: The client is like you in the restaurant. It's a device or software application (e.g., your computer, smartphone, web browser) that requests a service or resource. You, as the customer, request a specific meal.

Server: The server is like the kitchen in the restaurant. It's a computer or software application that provides the service or resource. The kitchen provides the meal you requested. When you type a web address (URL) into your browser (the client), your browser sends a request to a server. This server then processes the request and sends back the requested information (e.g., the HTML code for a webpage) to your browser. Your browser then interprets the HTML code and displays the webpage to you.

Example: When you visit `www.example.com`, your web browser (the client) sends a request to the server hosting the website `www.example.com`. The server then sends back the HTML, CSS, and JavaScript files that make up the website. Your browser then renders these files to display the website on your screen.

Why it Matters: The client-server model allows for efficient resource sharing and centralized management. Multiple clients can access the same server, allowing for cost-effective sharing of data and resources. It also allows for easier maintenance and updates, as changes can be made on the server side without requiring modifications to each individual client. Imagine if every computer had to store a copy of the entire internet – it would be impossible! 2.2 HTML (HyperText Markup Language) HTML is the standard markup language for creating web pages. It provides the structure and content of a webpage. HTML uses tags to define different elements of a webpage, such as headings, paragraphs, images, and links.

Basic HTML Structure: ```html My First Webpage Welcome to my webpage! This is a paragraph of text. ``` ` `: Tells the browser that this is an HTML5 document. ` `: The root element of an HTML page. ` `: Contains meta-information about the HTML document, such as the title. ` `: Specifies a title for the HTML page (which is shown in the browser's title bar or tab). ` `: Contains the visible page content. ` `: Defines a large heading. There are heading tags from ` ` (largest) to ` ` (smallest). ` `: Defines a paragraph.

Worked example

Let’s create a simple HTML page about South Africa:

```html

South Africa

Welcome to South Africa

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa.