Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 3
Multiplication and division facts (2, 3, 4, 5, 10) – Week 7 focus
Download the Lessonotes Mobile South Africa app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Multiplication and division facts (2, 3, 4, 5, 10) – Week 7 focus
Download the Lessonotes Mobile South Africa app for faster lesson access on Android and iPhone.
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Grade 3
Term: 1st Term
Week: 7
Theme: General lesson support
This page supports the lesson note with a companion video and a short classroom-ready summary.
For class groups and homework, share this lesson page so learners also get the summary, objectives, and full lesson context.
This week, we're diving deeper into the exciting world of multiplication and division! Understanding multiplication and division facts for 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10 is like having a secret code to solve everyday problems quickly. Imagine you're helping your family prepare a braai and need to figure out how many boerewors sausages each person gets if you have a certain number of sausages and people. Or, think about sharing sweets fairly with your friends. Knowing these facts will make you a math whiz! This is an important building block for more complex maths later on, and will help you in many everyday situations at home, at the shops, and even when playing games.
Multiplication: Multiplication is a quick way of adding the same number multiple times. It's like repeated addition. The symbol for multiplication is "×". For example, 3 × 4 means adding the number 3 four times (3 + 3 + 3 + 3).
Multiples: The result of multiplying a number by different whole numbers. The multiples of 2 are 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and so on.
Division: Division is the opposite of multiplication. It's splitting a number into equal groups. The symbol for division is "÷". For example, 12 ÷ 3 means dividing the number 12 into 3 equal groups. We want to find out how many are in each group. Relationship between Multiplication and Division: Multiplication and division are related. If we know that 3 × 4 = 12, then we also know that 12 ÷ 3 = 4 and 12 ÷ 4 =
3. This is because they are inverse operations (opposite operations). Understanding the Facts (2, 3, 4, 5, 10): Multiplication by 2: This is the same as doubling a number. Think of having two of everything.
Example: 2 × 5 =
1
0. This means 2 groups of 5 is
1
0. Imagine having two hands, each with 5 fingers. You have 10 fingers in total.
Multiplication by 3: This is adding the number to itself three times.
Example: 3 × 4 =
1
2. This means 3 groups of 4 is
1
2. Think about having 3 chickens, each laying 4 eggs. You have 12 eggs.
Multiplication by 4: This is adding the number to itself four times. You can also double the number and then double it again.
Example: 4 × 2 =
8. This means 4 groups of 2 is
8. Think about having 4 cars, each with 2 headlights. You have 8 headlights.
Multiplication by 5: Numbers multiplied by 5 always end in a 0 or a
5. Think of counting on your fingers, 5 at a time.
Example: 5 × 3 =
1
5. This means 5 groups of 3 is
1
5. Imagine having 5 children, and each child has 3 sweets. You have 15 sweets.
Multiplication by 10: This is easy! Just add a 0 to the end of the number you are multiplying.
Example: 10 × 6 =
6
0. This means 10 groups of 6 is
6
0. Think about having 10 rand coins, each worth R
6. You have R
6
0. Division by 2, 3, 4, 5, and 10: Division by 2: Splitting something into two equal groups. This is often called "halving".
Example: 10 ÷ 2 =
5. This means if you share 10 marbles equally between 2 friends, each friend gets 5 marbles.
Division by 3: Splitting something into three equal groups.
Example: 12 ÷ 3 =
4. This means if you have 12 biscuits and share them equally among 3 children, each child gets 4 biscuits.
Division by 4: Splitting something into four equal groups.
Example: 16 ÷ 4 =
4. This means if you have 16 slices of watermelon and share them equally among 4 people, each person gets 4 slices.
Division by 5: Splitting something into five equal groups.
Example: 20 ÷ 5 =
4. This means if you have 20 crayons and put them into 5 equal groups, there will be 4 crayons in each group.
Division by 10: Splitting something into ten equal groups.
Example: 30 ÷ 10 =
3. This means if you have 30 sweets and share them equally among 10 children, each child gets 3 sweets. Guided Practice (With Solutions)
Question 1: Sipho has 5 packets of chips. Each packet contains 4 chips. How many chips does Sipho have in total?
Solution: We need to find out how many chips Sipho has when he has 5 packets of 4 chips each.
This is a multiplication problem: 5 × 4. 5 × 4 = 20 Sipho has 20 chips.
Commentary: We used the multiplication fact for 5 and
4. We know that 5 groups of 4 is
2
0. Question 2: Thandi has 18 oranges and wants to share them equally among her 3 friends. How many oranges will each friend get?
Solution: We need to divide the 18 oranges into 3 equal groups.
This is a division problem: 18 ÷ 3. 18 ÷ 3 = 6 Each friend will get 6 oranges.
Commentary: We used the division fact for 18 and
3. We know that 18 divided by 3 is
6. Question 3: A taxi has 10 seats. If 7 taxis are full, how many people are being transported?
Solution: Each taxi has 10 people, and there are 7 taxis.
This is a multiplication problem: 7 × 10. 7 × 10 = 70 70 people are being transported.
Commentary: We used the multiplication fact for
1
0. We know that any number multiplied by 10 just has a zero added to the end.
Question 4: Grandma bakes 24 koeksisters and wants to pack them into boxes of 4 each. How many boxes will she need?
Solution: We need to find out how many groups of 4 are in
2
4. This is a division problem: 24 ÷ 4. 24 ÷ 4 = 6 Grandma will need 6 boxes.
Commentary: We used the division fact for 24 and
4. We know that 24 divided by 4 is
6. Question 5: Nomusa has 3 friends coming to her house. She wants to give each friend 5 sweets. How many sweets does Nomusa need in total?
Solution: Nomusa needs 5 sweets for each of her 3 friends.
This is a multiplication problem: 3 × 5. 3 × 5 = 15 Nomusa needs 15 sweets in total.
Commentary: We used the multiplication fact for 3 and
5. We know that 3 groups of 5 is
1
5. Independent Practice (Questions Only) What is 2 multiplied by 8? What is 30 divided by 10? A farmer has 4 rows of mielies. Each row has 6 mielies.