Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 3

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Collect data using tally charts and pictographs.
• Represent data in bar graphs.
• Answer questions about data.
• Solve real-world problems using data.
• Feel confident for your exam!

Lesson summary

Data handling is all about collecting, organizing, and understanding information. It helps us make sense of the world around us by finding patterns and answering questions using information we've gathered. In South Africa, we use data handling every day – from figuring out what fruits are most popular at the local market, to understanding which sports are enjoyed by most children in our school. It helps us make informed decisions. This week, we will focus on revising data handling concepts and practicing for our upcoming exam.

Lesson notes

What is Data? Data is simply information.

It can be about anything: favorite colours, types of pets, numbers of siblings, etc. We collect data by asking questions and recording the answers.

Tally Charts: A tally chart uses tally marks to record data. Each tally mark represents one piece of information. We usually group tally marks in fives to make counting easier. Four vertical lines and a diagonal line.

Example: Let's say we asked 10 learners about their favourite fruit. | Fruit | Tally Marks | Number | |---------|-------------|--------| | Apples | III | 3 | | Bananas | IIII | 4 | | Oranges | III | 3 | Pictographs: A pictograph uses pictures or symbols to represent data. Each picture stands for a certain number of items. It's important to have a key that tells you what each picture represents.

Example: Let's say we want to show how many cars of different colours are in the school parking lot. | Colour | Number of Cars | |--------|----------------| | Red | 🚗 🚗 🚗 | | Blue | 🚗 🚗 | | White | 🚗 🚗 🚗 🚗 | Key: 🚗 = 1 car Bar Graphs: A bar graph uses bars of different lengths to represent data. The length of the bar shows the number or amount of something. Bar graphs have a title, labels on the x-axis (horizontal) and y-axis (vertical), and a scale on the y-axis.

Example: Let's say we want to show how many learners are in each Grade 3 class.

Title: Number of Learners in Each Grade 3 Class X-axis: Class (3A, 3B, 3C)

Y-axis: Number of Learners Scale: 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 Example Bar Graph: ``` 30| | * 25| * | * 20| | 15| * | * 10| * | * 5| * | * 0|_________*___ 3A 3B 3C ``` (In this example, 3A has 25 learners, 3B has 20 learners, and 3C has 15 learners).

Interpreting Data: Once we have data in a tally chart, pictograph, or bar graph, we can answer questions about it.

For example: Which fruit is the most popular? (Look for the most tally marks or the tallest bar) How many more red cars are there than blue cars? (Subtract the number of blue cars from the number of red cars) How many learners are in all the Grade 3 classes? (Add the number of learners in each class) Why Data Handling Matters in Exam Preparation: Understanding these concepts and practicing data interpretation will help you ace any question related to Data Handling in the exam. Pay special attention to the questions asked in the past exam papers to be able to answer the questions effectively. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: A group of learners were asked about their favourite pet.

The results are shown below: Dogs: IIII IIII I Cats: IIII II Birds: III Fish: II a) How many learners like dogs the most? b) Which pet is the most popular? c) How many learners like cats and fish in total?

Solution: a)

Dogs: IIII IIII I = 11 learners b) Dogs are the most popular (11 votes) c)

Cats: IIII II = 6 learners.

Fish: II = 2 learners.

Total: 6 + 2 = 8 learners

Commentary: We read the tally chart carefully to count the number of learners who chose each pet. For part (c), we added the number of learners who liked cats and fish.

Question 2: Represent the following data in a pictograph. Use the symbol 🌞 to represent 2 sunny days.

Sunny Days in January: 10 Sunny Days in February: 6 Sunny Days in March: 8 Solution: | Month | Number of Sunny Days | |-----------|-----------------------| | January | 🌞 🌞 🌞 🌞 🌞 | | February | 🌞 🌞 🌞 | | March | 🌞 🌞 🌞 🌞 |

Commentary: Since each 🌞 represents 2 days, we divided the number of sunny days by 2 to find the number of symbols needed for each month.

Question 3: The bar graph below shows the number of books read by 4 learners in a month. ``` 10| * | * 8| | 6| * | * 4| | 2|______________ Sipho Aisha Thando Zola ``` a) How many books did Aisha read? b) Who read the most books? c) How many books did Sipho and Thando read altogether?

Solution: a) Aisha read 8 books. b) Sipho read the least (4 books). Zola read the most (10 books). c)

Sipho: 4 books.

Thando: 6 books.

Total: 4 + 6 = 10 books.

Commentary: We read the bar graph carefully to find the height of each bar, which represents the number of books read by each learner. Independent Practice (Questions Only) Collect data from 10 classmates about their favourite sport (soccer, netball, rugby, other). Create a tally chart to represent the data. Use the tally chart from question 1 to create a pictograph. Choose a symbol to represent 1 learner. Use the tally chart from question 1 to create a bar graph. Remember to label the axes and give the graph a title. A fruit seller recorded the number of each type of fruit sold in one day: Apples: 15, Bananas: 20, Oranges: 10, Pears:

5. Represent this data in a bar graph. Look at the bar graph you created in question

4. Answer the following questions: Which fruit was sold the most? Which fruit was sold the least? How many more bananas were sold than oranges? A teacher asked her class how they get to school. 12 learners walk, 8 come by car, and 4 take the bus. Represent this data using a pictograph where each symbol represents 2 learners.