Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 4

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Read, write, and compare numbers up to 10,000.
• Use expanded notation to break down numbers.
• Solve addition and subtraction problems up to 10,000.
• Multiply two-digit numbers by one-digit numbers.
• Divide two-digit numbers by one-digit numbers.

Lesson summary

This week, we're diving deeper into whole numbers and how they work, focusing particularly on place value and performing different operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) with them. Understanding whole numbers is incredibly important in your daily lives. Whether you are saving your pocket money to buy that soccer ball you've been wanting, helping your parents calculate grocery costs, or figuring out how many sweets you can share with your friends, you are using whole numbers! This week's skills will help you become more confident and accurate in all these situations.

Lesson notes

Place Value: Every digit in a number has a specific place value, which determines its contribution to the overall value of the number. In Grade 4, we focus on the ones (units), tens, hundreds, and thousands places.

Units (Ones): The rightmost digit represents the number of individual units.

Tens: The digit to the left of the units represents groups of ten.

Hundreds: The digit to the left of the tens represents groups of one hundred.

Thousands: The digit to the left of the hundreds represents groups of one thousand.

Example 1: Understanding Place Value Let's take the number 3,

5

2

7. The digit '7' is in the Units place, representing 7 ones. The digit '2' is in the Tens place, representing 2 tens or

2

0. The digit '5' is in the Hundreds place, representing 5 hundreds or

5

0

0. The digit '3' is in the Thousands place, representing 3 thousands or 3,

0

0

0. Therefore, 3,527 = 3,000 + 500 + 20 + 7 Expanded Notation: Expanded notation is a way of writing a number to show the value of each digit based on its place value.

Example 2: Expanded Notation Let's write 4,816 in expanded notation. 4,816 = (4 x 1,000) + (8 x 100) + (1 x 10) + (6 x 1) 4,816 = 4,000 + 800 + 10 + 6 Addition: Addition is combining two or more numbers to find their total (sum). When adding larger numbers, it's helpful to line up the digits according to their place value (units under units, tens under tens, etc.). Carrying over is necessary when the sum of digits in a place value column exceeds

9. Example 3: Addition with Carrying Over A school in Durban has 2,345 learners in the foundation phase and 1,876 learners in the intermediate phase. How many learners are there in total? 2,345 + 1,876 = ?

Units: 5 + 6 =

1

1. Write down '1' and carry over '1' to the tens column.

Tens: 4 + 7 + 1 (carried over) =

1

2. Write down '2' and carry over '1' to the hundreds column.

Hundreds: 3 + 8 + 1 (carried over) =

1

2. Write down '2' and carry over '1' to the thousands column.

Thousands: 2 + 1 + 1 (carried over) =

4. Write down '4'. So, 2,345 + 1,876 = 4,

2

2

1. There are a total of 4,221 learners.

Subtraction: Subtraction is finding the difference between two numbers. When subtracting larger numbers, align digits according to place value. Borrowing is necessary when the digit being subtracted is larger than the digit it is being subtracted from.

Example 4: Subtraction with Borrowing A farmer in Limpopo harvested 5,234 mangoes and sold 2,817 of them. How many mangoes are left? 5,234 - 2,817 = ?

Units: 4 - 7 (We need to borrow from the tens column). Borrow 1 ten from the tens, leaving 2 tens and making the units

1

4. Now, 14 - 7 =

7. Tens: 2 - 1 = 1 Hundreds: 2 - 8 (We need to borrow from the thousands column). Borrow 1 thousand from the thousands, leaving 4 thousands and making the hundreds

1

2. Now, 12 - 8 =

4. Thousands: 4 - 2 =

2. So, 5,234 - 2,817 = 2,

4

1

7. The farmer has 2,417 mangoes left.

Multiplication: Multiplication is repeated addition. We will focus on multiplying two-digit numbers by one-digit numbers.

Example 5: Multiplication A baker bakes 23 loaves of bread each day. How many loaves does he bake in 4 days? 23 x 4 = ?

We can break this down: (20 x 4) + (3 x 4) 20 x 4 = 80 3 x 4 = 12 80 + 12 = 92 So, the baker bakes 92 loaves of bread in 4 days.

Division: Division is splitting a number into equal groups. We will focus on dividing two-digit numbers by one-digit numbers.

Example 6: Division with Remainder 47 children are going on a school trip. If each minibus can carry 6 children, how many minibuses are needed? How many children will be left over? 47 ÷ 6 = ?

Think: How many times does 6 fit into 47? 6 x 7 = 42 and 6 x 8 =

4

8. Since 48 is bigger than 47, we use 7. 47 ÷ 6 = 7 with a remainder of 5 (because 47 - 42 = 5) Therefore, they need 7 minibuses, and 5 children will need to ride in an additional minibus. This means a total of 8 minibuses are needed. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Write the number 6,309 in expanded notation.

Solution: 6,309 = (6 x 1,000) + (3 x 100) + (0 x 10) + (9 x 1) 6,309 = 6,000 + 300 + 0 + 9

Commentary: This question directly tests understanding of place value and expanded notation. Remind students to explicitly include the ‘0’ value when it appears in a place value.

Question 2: A shopkeeper had 3,562 oranges. He sold 1,248 oranges. How many oranges does he have left?

Solution: 3,562 - 1,248 = ?

Units: 2 - 8 (Borrow 1 ten from the tens, making it 5 tens and the units 12). 12 - 8 = 4 Tens: 5 - 4 = 1 Hundreds: 5 - 2 = 3 Thousands: 3 - 1 = 2 So, 3,562 - 1,248 = 2,

3

1

4. The shopkeeper has 2,314 oranges left.

Commentary: This subtraction problem requires borrowing. Encourage students to carefully show their borrowing steps.

Question 3: A group of 31 learners wants to share equally 5 sweets that Thando brought from home. How many sweets does each learner get and how many are left over?

Solution: 35 ÷ 5 = ?

Think: How many times does 5 fit into 35? 5 x 7 = 35 So, 35 ÷ 5 = 7 with no remainder. Each learner receives 7 sweets.