Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 4

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Identify number patterns with adding and subtracting.
• Extend number patterns by following the rule.
• Find the rule for a given pattern.
• Create your own number patterns.

Lesson summary

Patterns are all around us! From the colours of the Ndebele art to the way mielies grow in a row, understanding patterns helps us make sense of the world. In this unit, we'll be learning about different kinds of number patterns, finding the rules that govern them, and using these rules to predict what comes next. This skill is important because it helps us with everything from planning our day (e.g., the sequence of classes) to understanding how prices change at the shop. Recognising and creating patterns is a fundamental skill for more advanced mathematics and problem-solving in general. This week we will focus on identifying and extending number patterns involving addition and subtraction.

Lesson notes

What is a Number Pattern? A number pattern is a sequence of numbers that follow a specific rule. This rule tells you how to get from one number to the next. The rule usually involves adding or subtracting a certain amount. Identifying the Rule The most important step in working with number patterns is finding the rule. To do this, look at how the numbers are changing. Is the sequence increasing? If so, the rule likely involves addition. Find out how much is being added each time. Is the sequence decreasing? If so, the rule likely involves subtraction. Find out how much is being subtracted each time. Extending the Pattern Once you know the rule, you can use it to continue the pattern. To extend a pattern, simply apply the rule to the last number in the sequence to find the next number. Repeat this process to find as many terms as you need.

Examples: Example 1: Increasing Pattern (Addition)

Consider the pattern: 5, 10, 15, 20, __, __ Step 1: Identify the pattern: The numbers are increasing, so it involves addition.

Step 2: Find the rule: The difference between 5 and 10 is 5 (10 - 5 = 5). The difference between 10 and 15 is also 5 (15 - 10 = 5). The difference between 15 and 20 is also 5 (20 -15 = 5).

The rule is: Add 5 to the previous number.* Step 3: Extend the pattern: 20 + 5 = 25 25 + 5 = 30 Therefore, the pattern is: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 Example 2: Decreasing Pattern (Subtraction)

Consider the pattern: 100, 90, 80, 70, __, __ Step 1: Identify the pattern: The numbers are decreasing, so it involves subtraction.

Step 2: Find the rule: The difference between 100 and 90 is 10 (100 - 90 = 10). The difference between 90 and 80 is also 10 (90 - 80 = 10). The difference between 80 and 70 is also 10 (80 - 70 = 10).

The rule is: Subtract 10 from the previous number.* Step 3: Extend the pattern: 70 - 10 = 60 60 - 10 = 50 Therefore, the pattern is: 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, 50 Example 3: Mixed Pattern within the number range Consider the pattern: 125, 130, 135, 140, __, __ Step 1: Identify the pattern: The numbers are increasing, so it involves addition.

Step 2: Find the rule: The difference between 125 and 130 is 5 (130 - 125 = 5). The difference between 130 and 135 is also 5 (135 - 130 = 5). The difference between 135 and 140 is also 5 (140 - 135 = 5).

The rule is: Add 5 to the previous number.* Step 3: Extend the pattern: 140 + 5 = 145 145 + 5 = 150 Therefore, the pattern is: 125, 130, 135, 140, 145, 150 Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Extend the pattern: 2, 4, 6, 8, __, __ Solution: Step 1: Identify the pattern: Increasing (addition).

Step 2: Find the rule: 4 - 2 = 2, 6 - 4 = 2, 8 - 6 =

2. The rule is: Add 2 to the previous number.* Step 3: Extend the pattern: 8 + 2 = 10 10 + 2 = 12 Answer: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 Question 2: Extend the pattern: 50, 45, 40, 35, __, __ Solution: Step 1: Identify the pattern: Decreasing (subtraction).

Step 2: Find the rule: 50 - 45 = 5, 45 - 40 = 5, 40 - 35 =

5. The rule is: Subtract 5 from the previous number.* Step 3: Extend the pattern: 35 - 5 = 30 30 - 5 = 25 Answer: 50, 45, 40, 35, 30, 25 Question 3: Extend the pattern: 210, 220, 230, 240, __, __ Solution: Step 1: Identify the pattern: Increasing (addition).

Step 2: Find the rule: 220 - 210 = 10, 230 - 220 = 10, 240 - 230 =

1

0. The rule is: Add 10 to the previous number.* Step 3: Extend the pattern: 240 + 10 = 250 250 + 10 = 260 Answer: 210, 220, 230, 240, 250, 260 Question 4: Find the missing number in the pattern: 10, __, 30, 40, 50 Solution: Step 1: Identify the pattern: Increasing (addition).

Step 2: Find the rule: 40 - 30 = 10, 50 - 40 =

1

0. The rule is: Add 10 to the previous number.* Step 3: Apply the rule to find the missing number: 10 + 10 = 20 Answer: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 Independent Practice (Questions Only)

Extend the pattern: 3, 6, 9, 12, __, __ Extend the pattern: 100, 95, 90, 85, __, __ Extend the pattern: 5, 15, 25, 35, __, __ Find the missing number in the pattern: 7, 14, __, 28, 35 Find the missing number in the pattern: 120, 110, __, 90, 80 What is the rule for the pattern: 22, 24, 26, 28? What are the next two numbers?

What is the rule for the pattern: 55, 50, 45, 40? What are the next two numbers? Create your own increasing pattern with 5 numbers, starting with the number

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0. Create your own decreasing pattern with 5 numbers, starting with the number

1

0

0. Thando is collecting bottle tops. On Monday she collected 5 bottle tops, on Tuesday she collected 10, on Wednesday she collected

1

5. If she continues this pattern, how many bottle tops will she collect on Friday?