Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 4

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Read time on analogue and digital clocks.
• Convert between units of time (seconds, minutes, hours, etc.).
• Use a calendar to find dates and calculate durations.
• Calculate how much time has passed (elapsed time).

Lesson summary

This week, we're diving deeper into the world of time and calendars! Understanding time is crucial for everyday life, from catching the Gautrain on time to knowing when the next load-shedding block is scheduled. Calendars help us plan events like family holidays to Kruger National Park, school events like sports days, and important cultural celebrations like Heritage Day. Without a good grasp of time and calendars, it's easy to miss appointments, be late for school, or forget important birthdays.

Lesson notes

2.1 Analogue vs.

Digital Clocks Analogue Clocks: These have hands. The hour hand is shorter and indicates the hour. The minute hand is longer and indicates the minutes. Remember that the hour hand moves slowly throughout the hour, not just jumping from number to number.

Digital Clocks: These show the time using numbers.

The numbers to the left of the colon (:) show the hour, and the numbers to the right show the minutes.

Example 1 (Analogue): If the hour hand is a little past the 3 and the minute hand is on the 6, the time is 3:30 (half past three). Remember each number on the clock face represents 5 minutes for the minute hand.

Example 2 (Digital): A digital clock showing 14:00 represents 2:00 pm (remember to add 12 to any hour after 12:00 for afternoon times). 2.2 Time Conversions It's important to know the relationships between different units of time: 60 seconds = 1 minute 60 minutes = 1 hour 24 hours = 1 day 7 days = 1 week Approximately 4 weeks = 1 month (This is an approximation, as months vary.) Approximately 30 days = 1 month (Also an approximation.) 12 months = 1 year 365 days = 1 year 366 days = 1 leap year Example 3 (Seconds to Minutes): How many minutes are in 180 seconds?

Solution:* We know 60 seconds = 1 minute.

Divide the total seconds by 60: 180 seconds / 60 seconds/minute = 3 minutes.

Example 4 (Hours to Days): How many days are in 72 hours?

Solution:* We know 24 hours = 1 day.

Divide the total hours by 24: 72 hours / 24 hours/day = 3 days.

Example 5 (Days to Weeks): How many weeks are in 21 days?

Solution:* We know 7 days = 1 week.

Divide the total days by 7: 21 days / 7 days/week = 3 weeks.

Example 6 (Months to Years): How many years are in 36 months?

Solution:* We know 12 months = 1 year.

Divide the total months by 12: 36 months / 12 months/year = 3 years. 2.3 Using Calendars A calendar shows the days, weeks, and months of a year. It helps us plan events and track time.

Example 7: Look at a calendar for the current year. What day of the week is Christmas Day (December 25th)? Locate December on the calendar and find the 25th. The day of the week above that date is the answer.

Example 8: A school holiday starts on June 16th and ends on July 10th. How many days long is the holiday?

Solution:* Count the number of days remaining in June after the 16th (30 - 16 = 14 days). Then add the number of days in July up to the 10th (10 days).

Total days: 14 + 10 = 24 days. 2.4 Calculating Elapsed Time Elapsed time is the amount of time that passes between a starting time and an ending time.

Example 9: A soccer match starts at 3:30 pm and ends at 5:00 pm. How long is the match?

Solution:* From 3:30 pm to 4:00 pm is 30 minutes.

From 4:00 pm to 5:00 pm is 1 hour.

Total time: 1 hour and 30 minutes.

Example 10: Lerato starts baking a cake at 10:15 am and finishes at 11:50 am. How long did it take her to bake the cake?

Solution:* From 10:15 am to 11:00 am is 45 minutes.

From 11:00 am to 11:50 am is 50 minutes.

Total time: 45 minutes + 50 minutes = 95 minutes, which is equal to 1 hour and 35 minutes (60 minutes + 35 minutes). Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: What time is shown on an analogue clock if the hour hand is between the 8 and the 9, and the minute hand is on the 6?

Solution:* The hour hand is between the 8 and the 9, indicating it's past 8 o'clock. The minute hand on the 6 means 30 minutes past the hour. So, the time is 8:

3

0. Question 2: How many hours are there in 5 days?

Solution: We know that 1 day = 24 hours.

Therefore, 5 days = 5 24 hours = 120 hours.

Question 3: If today is Monday, the 5th of August, what date will next Friday be?

Solution:* Monday the 5th. Tuesday the 6th. Wednesday the 7th. Thursday the 8th. Friday the 9th. So, next Friday will be the 9th of August.

Question 4: A TV show starts at 7:15 pm and ends at 8:00 pm. How long is the TV show?

Solution:* From 7:15 pm to 8:00 pm, there are 45 minutes.

Therefore, the TV show is 45 minutes long.

Question 5: Convert 3 minutes into seconds.

Solution: We know that 1 minute = 60 seconds.

Therefore, 3 minutes = 3 60 seconds = 180 seconds. Independent Practice (Questions Only) Write the time shown on this analogue clock: (Imagine a clock with the hour hand a little past the 10, and the minute hand on the 3). How many days are in 4 weeks? Convert 240 seconds into minutes.

If a movie starts at 14:30 and ends at 16:15, how long is the movie? (Express your answer in hours and minutes.) What date is two weeks after the 10th of March? How many months are in 6 years?

A bus leaves Johannesburg at 9:00 am and arrives in Durban at 5:00 pm. How long is the bus journey? Thando spends 1 hour and 15 minutes doing her homework. How many minutes is this? If today is the 1st of January, what day of the week will the 8th of January be if the 1st of January is a Monday? If a year starts on Friday, what day of the week will the last day of January be?