Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 4

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Read analogue and digital clocks to the nearest minute.
• Convert between different units of time.
• Solve simple word problems with time.
• Read and understand a calendar.
• Sequence days of the week and months of the year.

Lesson summary

This week, we will delve into the fascinating world of time and calendars! Understanding time and calendars is essential for everyday life in South Africa. Imagine trying to catch a taxi to school in Soweto without knowing the time, or planning a family braai on Heritage Day without understanding dates. Knowing how to read a clock, understand a calendar, and calculate time intervals allows us to be organized, punctual, and participate fully in our communities. From scheduling school activities to planning holidays and understanding historical events, time and calendars are fundamental tools for navigating our world.

Lesson notes

2.1 Telling Time (Analogue Clocks): An analogue clock has an hour hand and a minute hand. The hour hand is shorter and points to the hour. The minute hand is longer and points to the minutes. The face of the clock has numbers 1 to

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2. Each number on the clock face represents 5 minutes. For example, the number 1 represents 5 minutes, the number 2 represents 10 minutes, the number 3 represents 15 minutes (also known as quarter past), the number 6 represents 30 minutes (also known as half past), and the number 9 represents 45 minutes (also known as quarter to). When the minute hand points directly at the 12, it's "o'clock". The hour hand moves slowly, so it will be between two numbers if the minute hand is not pointing at the

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2. Example 1: The hour hand is just past the 3, and the minute hand is on the

2. What time is it? The hour is

3. The minutes are 2 x 5 =

1

0. So, the time is 3:10 (three ten).

Example 2: The hour hand is just before the 8, and the minute hand is on the

9. What time is it? The hour is almost 8, but not quite. It's still

7. The minutes are 9 x 5 =

4

5. So, the time is 7:45 (seven forty-five) or quarter to 8. 2.2 Telling Time (Digital Clocks): A digital clock shows the time using numbers separated by a colon (:). The number to the left of the colon represents the hour, and the number to the right represents the minutes.

Example 1: A digital clock shows 08:

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0. This means it is 8:30 (eight thirty).

Example 2: A digital clock shows 14:

0

0. This is 2 PM in the afternoon. Remember that after 12 PM (midday), we can add 12 to the hour to get the 24-hour clock time. So, 2 PM is 2 + 12 = 14. 2.3 Converting Time: 1 minute = 60 seconds 1 hour = 60 minutes 1 day = 24 hours 1 week = 7 days 1 month = approximately 30 days (some months have 31, February has 28 or 29) 1 year = 365 days (366 in a leap year) 1 year = 12 months Example 1: How many minutes are in 3 hours? 1 hour = 60 minutes 3 hours = 3 x 60 minutes = 180 minutes Example 2: How many days are in 4 weeks? 1 week = 7 days 4 weeks = 4 x 7 days = 28 days 2.4 Adding and Subtracting Time: When adding or subtracting time, make sure you keep the hours and minutes separate. If the minutes add up to more than 60, you need to carry over to the hours. If you are subtracting and the minutes you are subtracting are more than the minutes you are subtracting from, you will need to borrow an hour.

Example 1: John starts playing soccer at 4:15 PM and plays for 1 hour and 30 minutes. What time does he finish playing?

Start time: 4:15 PM Add 1 hour: 4:15 + 1:00 = 5:15 PM Add 30 minutes: 5:15 + 0:30 = 5:45 PM John finishes playing at 5:45 PM Example 2: Thandi starts baking a cake at 10:30 A

M. She needs to bake it for 45 minutes. What time will the cake be ready?

Start time: 10:30 AM Add 45 minutes: 10:30 + 0:45 = 11:15 AM The cake will be ready at 11:15 AM 2.5 Reading a Calendar: A calendar shows the days, weeks, and months of the year. Calendars help us keep track of important dates like birthdays, holidays, and school events. Each month has a name (January, February, March, etc.) Each month has a certain number of days (28, 29, 30, or 31). The days of the week are Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday.

Example: If today is Wednesday, 17 April 2024, what day of the week will be 24 April 2024? Count forward 7 days from Wednesday, 17 April. 17 April + 7 days = 24 April.

Therefore, 24 April 2024 will also be a Wednesday. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: What time is shown on the analogue clock if the hour hand is pointing just past the 5, and the minute hand is pointing at the 6?

Solution: The hour is

5. The minutes are 6 x 5 =

3

0. The time is 5:30 (five thirty).

Question 2: How many seconds are there in 5 minutes?

Solution: 1 minute = 60 seconds 5 minutes = 5 x 60 seconds = 300 seconds.

Question 3: Sipho starts his homework at 3:45 PM and finishes at 5:00 P

M. How long did he spend doing his homework?

Solution: From 3:45 PM to 4:00 PM is 15 minutes.

From 4:00 PM to 5:00 PM is 1 hour. Total time = 1 hour and 15 minutes.

Question 4: If today is Monday, the 5th of August, what day of the week will be the 12th of August?

Solution: From the 5th to the 12th is 7 days. Since there are 7 days in a week, it will be the same day of the week.

Therefore, the 12th of August will be a Monday.

Question 5: Convert 2 days into hours.

Solution: 1 day = 24 hours 2 days = 2 24 hours = 48 hours Independent Practice (Questions Only) Draw an analogue clock and show the time 9:

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5. What time is it on a digital clock if the hour hand is pointing just before the 12 and the minute hand is pointing at the 9? How many hours are there in 3 days?

If a movie starts at 7:30 PM and lasts for 2 hours and 15 minutes, what time will it finish? If today is Thursday, the 19th of September, what day of the week will be the 26th of September? How many minutes are there in a quarter of an hour?

A bus leaves Johannesburg at 8:00 AM and arrives in Durban at 4:00 PM.