Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 5

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Identify and describe number patterns (adding and subtracting).
• Extend number sequences by applying a rule.
• Create your own number patterns.
• Identify and describe simple geometric patterns.
• Extend simple geometric patterns.

Lesson summary

Patterns, functions, and relationships are like the secret codes of the universe! They help us understand and predict what comes next in sequences, solve problems, and even appreciate the beauty of things around us. Understanding patterns isn't just about doing well in Maths; it's about seeing the world in a more organized and predictable way. Imagine planning a Stokvel savings schedule, predicting how many imbhaza (bricks) you'll need to build a wall, or understanding how a soccer team's points change over the season. Patterns are everywhere, and learning to identify them is a crucial skill. This week, we will focus on identifying and extending number patterns and simple geometric patterns.

Lesson notes

What is a Pattern? A pattern is a sequence that repeats or changes in a predictable way. Patterns can be found in numbers, shapes, colours, and sounds. This week, we are focusing on number and geometric patterns.

Number Patterns: A number pattern is a sequence of numbers that follow a specific rule. This rule tells us how to get from one number to the next. These rules often involve addition or subtraction.

Example 1: Increasing Pattern (Adding)

Consider the number pattern: 2, 4, 6, 8, ___, ___.

Step 1: Identify the rule. What is the difference between each number? 4 - 2 = 2, 6 - 4 = 2, 8 - 6 =

2. So, the rule is "add 2".

Step 2: Apply the rule to extend the pattern. 8 + 2 = 10 10 + 2 = 12 Step 3: Write the completed pattern: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10,

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2. Example 2: Decreasing Pattern (Subtracting)

Consider the number pattern: 20, 17, 14, 11, ___, ___.

Step 1: Identify the rule. What is the difference between each number? 17 - 20 = -3, 14 - 17 = -3, 11 - 14 = -

3. So, the rule is "subtract 3".

Step 2: Apply the rule to extend the pattern. 11 - 3 = 8 8 - 3 = 5 Step 3: Write the completed pattern: 20, 17, 14, 11, 8,

5. Example 3: More Complex Adding/Subtracting Pattern Consider the number pattern: 1, 4, 7, 10, ___, ___.

Step 1: Identify the rule. What is the difference between each number? 4 - 1 = 3, 7 - 4 = 3, 10 - 7 =

3. So, the rule is "add 3".

Step 2: Apply the rule to extend the pattern. 10 + 3 = 13 13 + 3 = 16 Step 3: Write the completed pattern: 1, 4, 7, 10, 13,

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6. Geometric Patterns: A geometric pattern is a sequence of shapes, colours, or objects that follow a specific rule.

Example 1: Shape Pattern Pattern: Circle, Square, Circle, Square, ___, ___.

Step 1: Identify the repeating unit. The repeating unit is "Circle, Square".

Step 2: Extend the pattern. The next shapes would be Circle and Square.

Step 3: Write the completed pattern: Circle, Square, Circle, Square, Circle, Square.

Example 2: Colour Pattern Pattern: Red, Blue, Green, Red, Blue, Green, ___, ___.

Step 1: Identify the repeating unit. The repeating unit is "Red, Blue, Green".

Step 2: Extend the pattern. The next colours would be Red and Blue.

Step 3: Write the completed pattern: Red, Blue, Green, Red, Blue, Green, Red, Blue. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 5, 10, 15, 20, ___, ___?

Solution: Step 1: Identify the rule. 10 - 5 = 5, 15 - 10 = 5, 20 - 15 =

5. The rule is "add 5".

Step 2: Apply the rule. 20 + 5 = 25 25 + 5 = 30 Answer: 25,

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0. This is an increasing pattern.

Question 2: What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 30, 27, 24, 21, ___, ___?

Solution: Step 1: Identify the rule. 27 - 30 = -3, 24 - 27 = -3, 21 - 24 = -

3. The rule is "subtract 3".

Step 2: Apply the rule. 21 - 3 = 18 18 - 3 = 15 Answer: 18,

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5. This is a decreasing pattern.

Question 3: Draw the next two shapes in the pattern: Triangle, Circle, Triangle, Circle, ___, ___?

Solution: Step 1: Identify the repeating unit. The repeating unit is "Triangle, Circle".

Step 2: Extend the pattern. The next shapes would be Triangle and Circle.

Answer: Triangle, Circle (Draw the shapes).

Question 4: What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 1, 5, 9, 13, ___, ___?

Solution: Step 1: Identify the rule. 5 - 1 = 4, 9 - 5 = 4, 13 - 9 =

4. The rule is "add 4".

Step 2: Apply the rule. 13 + 4 = 17 17 + 4 = 21 Answer: 17,

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1. Independent Practice (Questions Only) What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 7, 14, 21, 28, ___, ___? What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 50, 45, 40, 35, ___, ___? What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 2, 6, 10, 14, ___, ___? What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 100, 90, 80, 70, ___, ___?

Draw the next two shapes in the pattern: Square, Square, Circle, Square, Square, Circle, ___, ___?

Draw the next two shapes in the pattern: Star, Heart, Star, Heart, ___, ___? Create your own number pattern using addition, starting with the number

3. Write down the first five numbers in your pattern. Create your own number pattern using subtraction, starting with the number

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5. Write down the first five numbers in your pattern. What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 3, 8, 13, 18, ___, ___? What are the next two numbers in the pattern: 12, 9, 6, 3, ___, ___?