Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 5

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Convert units of time, temperature, and measurement.
• Solve word problems using these skills.
• Read and interpret time and temperature.
• Choose the correct units for different tasks.

Lesson summary

This week, we delve into the practical world of time, temperature, and measurements. Understanding these concepts is crucial in our daily lives, whether we're timing a sports match, baking a malva pudding, or figuring out how much sugar to buy for our family. In South Africa, these skills are essential for everything from following cooking recipes to calculating travel times between cities, and even understanding weather forecasts to prepare for a heatwave in Gauteng or a cold front in the Western Cape. Mastering these skills will help you become more independent and confident in navigating your world.

Lesson notes

2.1 Time: Time is a fundamental concept we use to measure the duration of events. The basic units of time are seconds (s), minutes (min), hours (h), days, weeks, months, and years.

Conversion: 1 minute (min) = 60 seconds (s) 1 hour (h) = 60 minutes (min) 1 day = 24 hours (h) 1 week = 7 days Elapsed Time: The amount of time that passes between a starting point and an ending point.

Example 1: A soccer match starts at 3:00 PM and ends at 4:45 P

M. How long was the match?

Solution: From 3:00 PM to 4:00 PM is 1 hour.

From 4:00 PM to 4:45 PM is 45 minutes.

Total time: 1 hour and 45 minutes.

Example 2: It takes Thando 30 minutes to walk to school.

If school starts at 7:30 AM, what time must she leave home to arrive on time?

Solution: Subtract 30 minutes from 7:30 AM. 7:30 AM - 30 minutes = 7:00 A

M. Thando must leave home at 7:00 AM. 2.2 Temperature: Temperature measures how hot or cold something is. In South Africa, we use the Celsius (°C) scale.

Important Temperatures: Freezing point of water: 0°C Boiling point of water: 100°C Normal human body temperature: around 37°C Temperature Changes: If the temperature increases, it gets hotter. If the temperature decreases, it gets colder.

Example 1: The temperature in Johannesburg was 25°C in the morning. By midday, it had increased by 8°

C. What was the temperature at midday?

Solution: Add the increase to the initial temperature. 25°C + 8°C = 33°C The temperature at midday was 33°

C. Example 2: The overnight temperature in Cape Town was 12°

C. The next day it reached a high of 28°

C. What was the difference in temperature?

Solution: Subtract the overnight temperature from the high temperature. 28°C - 12°C = 16°C The difference in temperature was 16°C. 2.3 Everyday Measurement Problems: We use measurements of length, mass (weight), and capacity (volume) every day.

Length: Millimeter (mm), Centimeter (cm), Meter (m), Kilometer (km) 1 cm = 10 mm 1 m = 100 cm 1 km = 1000 m Mass: Gram (g), Kilogram (kg) 1 kg = 1000 g Capacity: Milliliter (ml), Liter (L) 1 L = 1000 ml Example 1: A piece of cloth is 2.5 meters long. How many centimeters is that?

Solution: Multiply the length in meters by 100. 5 m 100 cm/m = 250 cm The cloth is 250 cm long.

Example 2: A bag of mielie meal weighs 5 kg. How many grams is that?

Solution: Multiply the weight in kilograms by 1000. 5 kg 1000 g/kg = 5000 g The bag of mielie meal weighs 5000 g.

Example 3: A bottle of juice contains 1.5 liters. How many milliliters is that?

Solution: Multiply the volume in liters by 1000. 5 L 1000 ml/L = 1500 ml The bottle of juice contains 1500 ml. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Sipho started his homework at 4:15 PM and finished at 5:50 P

M. How long did he spend on his homework?

Solution: From 4:15 PM to 5:15 PM is 1 hour.

From 5:15 PM to 5:50 PM is 35 minutes.

Total time: 1 hour and 35 minutes.

Answer: Sipho spent 1 hour and 35 minutes on his homework. We broke the problem into smaller, manageable chunks of time.

Question 2: The temperature outside is 28°

C. Inside the house, it is 22°

C. What is the difference in temperature?

Solution: Subtract the inside temperature from the outside temperature. 28°C - 22°C = 6°C Answer: The difference in temperature is 6°C. This calculation shows how to find the temperature difference, which is a simple subtraction.

Question 3: Maria needs 2 meters of fabric to make a skirt. She only has 135 cm of fabric. How much more fabric does she need (in cm)?

Solution: First, convert 2 meters to centimeters: 2 m 100 cm/m = 200 cm Then, subtract the fabric she has from the fabric she needs: 200 cm - 135 cm = 65 cm Answer: Maria needs 65 cm more fabric. This required converting units first to make the subtraction possible.

Question 4: A jug contains 2.5 liters of water. Sam pours out 800 ml of water. How much water is left in the jug (in ml)?

Solution: First convert 2.5 Liters to ml: 2.5 L 1000 ml/L = 2500 ml Subtract the amount poured out: 2500 ml - 800 ml = 1700 ml Answer: 1700ml is left in the jug. Again, a unit conversion was needed. Independent Practice (Questions Only)

A movie starts at 7:45 PM and lasts for 2 hours and 10 minutes. What time will the movie end? The temperature in Durban at sunrise was 18°C. By noon, it had increased by 11°C. What was the temperature at noon? A rectangular garden is 8 meters long and 5 meters wide. What is the perimeter of the garden? Thabo bought 3 kg of potatoes at the market. If potatoes cost R12 per kilogram, how much did he pay? A bottle of water contains 750 ml. How many bottles are needed to fill a 6-liter container? A train journey from Johannesburg to Pretoria takes 55 minutes.

If the train leaves Johannesburg at 9:15 AM, what time will it arrive in Pretoria? The average daily temperature in Bloemfontein in July is 10°C. One day, the temperature was 5°C colder than average. What was the temperature that day? A table is 1.8 meters long and 90 centimeters wide. What is the area of the table in square centimeters?