Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 5

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Define different types of substances
• Explain the negative consequences of substance use
• Learn how to say 'no' to pressure
• Know where to find help and support
• Understand safe use of medicines

Lesson summary

This lesson focuses on Making Responsible Choices Regarding Substance Use (Life Skills 4 6 Topic for Term 3, Week 2, as per CAPS). In South Africa, understanding the risks associated with alcohol, tobacco, and other substances is crucial. Sadly, substance abuse affects many communities, leading to health problems, social issues, and even violence. This lesson aims to empower Grade 5 learners to make informed and responsible choices regarding their health and well-being by understanding these risks and developing refusal skills. This knowledge is vital for protecting themselves and contributing to healthier communities.

Lesson notes

What are Substances? Substances are things that can affect our bodies and minds. Some substances are helpful, like healthy food and medicines when used correctly.

However, other substances, like alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs, can be very harmful. It's important to understand the difference.

Alcohol: Alcohol is a depressant, meaning it slows down the brain and body. It's found in drinks like beer, wine, and spirits (like brandy and whisky). It is illegal for people under 18 to buy or consume alcohol in South Africa. Why is it harmful? Alcohol can damage the liver, brain, and heart. It can also make it difficult to think clearly and make good decisions. Drinking alcohol can lead to accidents and violent behaviour.

Example: Imagine Sipho drinks too much alcohol at a party. He might become clumsy, say things he regrets, or even get into a fight. The next day, he might have a headache and feel sick.

Tobacco: Tobacco contains nicotine, a highly addictive drug. It's found in cigarettes, cigars, and snuff. Why is it harmful? Smoking tobacco causes lung cancer, heart disease, and other serious illnesses. It can also make it difficult to breathe. Even being around someone who is smoking (secondhand smoke) can be harmful.

Example: A grandmother who smokes cigarettes for many years might develop lung cancer and have difficulty breathing. Over-the-Counter (OTC) and Prescription Drugs: These are medicines you can buy at a pharmacy (OTC) or get from a doctor (prescription). They can be helpful when used correctly, but harmful if misused. Why are they harmful if misused? Taking too much of a medicine, using someone else's prescription, or mixing medicines without a doctor's advice can be dangerous.

Example: Thandi has a headache and takes two more paracetamol tablets than the package says she should. This could damage her liver. A prescription drug is when a doctor has given you the medicine to use, it is unsafe for others to use your prescription.

Illegal Drugs: These are substances that are against the law to use, possess, or sell. Examples include marijuana (dagga), cocaine, and heroin. Why are they harmful? Illegal drugs can damage the brain, heart, and other organs. They can also cause addiction, which is a strong need to use the drug even when it causes problems.

Example: Bongani starts using marijuana because his friends are doing it. He quickly becomes addicted and spends all his money on drugs. He starts skipping school and his relationships with his family suffer.

Negative Consequences of Substance Use: Health Problems: As mentioned above, substance use can lead to serious health problems like lung cancer, heart disease, liver damage, and brain damage.

Social Problems: Substance use can damage relationships with family and friends. People who use substances may become isolated and withdrawn. They may also get into arguments or become violent.

Academic Problems: Substance use can make it difficult to concentrate in school and get good grades. Students who use substances may miss classes, fail exams, and drop out of school.

Legal Problems: Using or possessing illegal drugs can lead to arrest and imprisonment. Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs can also result in serious penalties.

Refusal Skills: Knowing how to say "no" to substances is an important skill.

Here are some strategies: Say "No" Firmly: Look the person in the eye and say "No, thank you" clearly and confidently.

Give a Reason: Explain why you don't want to use the substance. For example, "No, thank you. I don't want to damage my health." Suggest an Alternative: Offer a different activity. For example, "No, thank you. Let's play soccer instead." Change the Subject: Steer the conversation in a different direction.

Leave the Situation: If the person keeps pressuring you, walk away.

Sources of Help and Support: If you or someone you know is struggling with substance use, there are many places to turn for help: Family and Friends: Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent, teacher, or counselor.

School Counselor: Your school counselor can provide support and guidance.

Doctors and Nurses: Medical professionals can offer treatment and advice.

Community Organizations: Many organizations in South Africa offer substance abuse treatment and prevention programs. The South African National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence (SANCA) is a good resource.

Hotlines: There are anonymous hotlines you can call for help and support. Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: What is one potential health problem that can result from smoking tobacco?

Solution: One potential health problem from smoking tobacco is lung cancer. Tobacco smoke contains harmful chemicals that damage the lungs and increase the risk of cancer.

Commentary: This question tests the learner's understanding of the negative health consequences of tobacco use.

Question 2: You are at a party, and a friend offers you a beer.