Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 5

Lesson Video

This page supports the lesson note with a companion video and a short classroom-ready summary.

For class groups and homework, share this lesson page so learners also get the summary, objectives, and full lesson context.

Performance objectives

• Collect data using tally marks and surveys.
• Show data using bar graphs and pictographs.
• Answer questions using data from graphs.
• Describe if events are certain, likely, unlikely, or impossible.
• Compare how likely different events are.

Lesson summary

Data handling and probability are essential skills that help us understand the world around us. In South Africa, we encounter data every day, from checking the weather forecast to understanding the results of a sports game or even monitoring the spread of diseases. Knowing how to collect, organize, represent, and interpret data allows us to make informed decisions and understand patterns. Probability helps us understand the likelihood of events happening, such as whether it will rain tomorrow or which soccer team is likely to win the league. This knowledge is invaluable for everyday life and future academic pursuits.

Lesson notes

2.1 Data Collection: Data collection is the process of gathering information. One simple method for collecting data is using tally marks. Each tally mark represents one piece of data. Tally marks are usually grouped in fives to make counting easier.

Example: Let’s say we want to find out the favourite fruits of Grade 5 learners. We can conduct a simple survey by asking each learner their favourite fruit and using tally marks to record the responses. | Fruit | Tally Marks | Frequency (Number of votes) | | ----------- | ----------- | ----------- | | Apples | |||| | 5 | | Bananas | |||| ||| | 8 | | Oranges | |||| | | 6 | | Mangoes | |||| || | 7 | 2.2 Data Representation: Bar Graphs A bar graph is a way to represent data visually using bars of different lengths. The length of each bar represents the quantity or frequency of that category.

Steps to create a bar graph: Draw axes: Draw a horizontal (x-axis) and a vertical (y-axis).

Label the axes: Label the x-axis with the categories (e.g., fruits) and the y-axis with the frequency (number of votes).

Choose a scale: Select an appropriate scale for the y-axis based on the highest frequency. For example, if the highest frequency is 10, we can use a scale of 1, 2, 3,…

1

0. Draw the bars: Draw bars for each category, making sure the height of each bar corresponds to the frequency of that category.

Give the graph a title: The title should describe what the graph is about.

Example (Using the fruit data above): A bar graph representing the favourite fruits of Grade 5 learners would have the following features: Title: Favourite Fruits of Grade 5 Learners X-axis: Apples, Bananas, Oranges, Mangoes Y-axis: Number of Votes (Scale: 1-8)

Bars: Apples: Bar reaching height 5 Bananas: Bar reaching height 8 Oranges: Bar reaching height 6 Mangoes: Bar reaching height 7 2.3 Data Representation: Pictographs A pictograph is another way to represent data visually using pictures or symbols. Each picture or symbol represents a certain number of data points.

Steps to create a pictograph: Choose a symbol: Select a symbol that represents a certain number of data points (e.g., one fruit icon = 1 vote).

Draw a table: Create a table with the categories and a space for the symbols.

Represent the data: Draw the appropriate number of symbols for each category, based on the frequency.

Include a key: Clearly indicate what each symbol represents. Give the graph a title.

Example (Using the fruit data above): Title: Favourite Fruits of Grade 5 Learners Key: 🍎 = 1 vote Table: | Fruit | Pictograph | | ----------- | ----------- | | Apples | 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎 | | Bananas | 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎 | | Oranges | 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎 | | Mangoes | 🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎🍎 | 2.4 Data Interpretation: Data interpretation involves reading and understanding the information presented in graphs or tables. We can answer questions based on the data, such as which category has the highest or lowest frequency.

Example (Using the fruit data): Which fruit is the most popular? Bananas (8 votes) Which fruit is the least popular? Apples (5 votes) How many more learners like mangoes than apples? 7 - 5 = 2 learners 2.5 Introduction to Probability: Probability is the chance of something happening.

We describe probability using words like: Certain: It will definitely happen.

Likely: It will probably happen.

Unlikely: It probably won't happen.

Impossible: It cannot happen.

Examples: It is certain that the sun will rise tomorrow. It is likely that you will eat lunch today. It is unlikely that you will see a penguin in Johannesburg. It is impossible to fly without wings. 2.6 Comparing and Ordering the Likelihood of Events: We can compare the likelihood of different events and order them from most likely to least likely.

Example: Consider the following events: A: It will rain in Cape Town in December. B: You will see a lion walking down the street in Durban. C: You will eat supper tonight. Ordering these events from most likely to least likely: C (You will eat supper tonight) - Likely A (It will rain in Cape Town in December) - Unlikely B (You will see a lion walking down the street in Durban) - Impossible Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: A Grade 5 class conducted a survey on their favourite sport. The results are shown below using tally marks: | Sport | Tally Marks | | ----------- | ----------- | | Soccer | |||| |||| ||| | | Netball | |||| || | | Cricket | |||| | | | Rugby | |||| |||| | Represent this data using a bar graph.

Solution: Draw axes: Draw x and y axes.

Label axes: X-axis: Soccer, Netball, Cricket, Rugby; Y-axis: Number of Votes (Scale: 1-13)

Draw bars: Soccer: Bar reaching height 13 Netball: Bar reaching height 7 Cricket: Bar reaching height 6 Rugby: Bar reaching height 9 Title: Favourite Sports of Grade 5 Learners This graph visually displays the popularity of each sport, making it easy to compare the number of votes for each.

Question 2: Use the following data on the number of pets owned by learners in a class to create a pictograph.