Lesson Notes By Weeks and Term v5 - Grade 6

Lesson Video

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Performance objectives

• Define substance abuse and identify common substances.
• Explain the consequences of substance abuse.
• Identify risky behaviours among youth.
• Learn and practice refusal skills.
• Know where to find help and support.

Lesson summary

This term, we're focusing on 'Substance Abuse and Risky Behaviours'. This is a crucial topic because, in South Africa, many young people are exposed to alcohol, drugs, and situations that can lead to risky behaviour. Understanding the dangers, recognising the signs, and knowing how to make safe and healthy choices is vital for your well-being and future. These lessons will equip you with the knowledge and skills to protect yourselves and your friends from harm. Substance abuse can lead to health problems, accidents, violence, and difficulties in school and later life.

Lesson notes

What is Substance Abuse? Substance abuse is the harmful or hazardous use of psychoactive substances, including alcohol and illicit drugs. Psychoactive substances affect how your brain works and can change your mood, perception, and behaviour. It's important to remember that substance abuse isn't just about illegal drugs; it also includes the misuse of legal substances like alcohol, tobacco, and even prescription medications. In South Africa, alcohol abuse is a particularly significant problem. Commonly Abused Substances in South Africa: Alcohol: This is a legal substance (for adults over 18) but is widely abused, especially among young people. Excessive drinking can lead to liver damage, brain damage, accidents, violence, and addiction. Remember the legal drinking age in South Africa is

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8. Cannabis (Dagga/Marijuana): This is an illegal drug in South Africa (although there are legal medicinal uses under strict control). It can impair judgment, coordination, and memory. Long-term use can lead to mental health problems.

Methamphetamine (Tik): This is a highly addictive and dangerous stimulant. It can cause hallucinations, paranoia, aggression, and serious physical health problems. Tik is a major concern in many South African communities. Over-the-counter and Prescription Medications: Medicines, even those bought without a prescription or prescribed by a doctor, can be abused if taken in ways or amounts not directed by a healthcare professional. This can include cough syrups, pain relievers, and sleeping pills. This can lead to dangerous side effects, addiction, and even death.

Consequences of Substance Abuse: Physical Consequences: Substance abuse can damage your organs (like your liver and brain), weaken your immune system (making you more likely to get sick), and lead to serious health problems like heart disease and cancer.

Example:* Lung cancer from smoking tobacco. Liver damage from excessive alcohol consumption.

Emotional Consequences: Substance abuse can lead to depression, anxiety, mood swings, and irritability. It can also make it difficult to think clearly and make good decisions.

Example:* Feeling anxious and paranoid after using cannabis. Feeling depressed and isolated due to alcohol addiction.

Social Consequences: Substance abuse can damage relationships with family and friends. It can lead to problems at school or work, and it can increase the risk of getting involved in crime.

Example:* Getting into fights with your family because of your drinking. Being suspended from school for using drugs.

Risky Behaviours: Risky behaviours are actions that could lead to negative consequences, including harm to oneself or others.

Unprotected Sex: This can lead to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like HIV/AIDS, unplanned pregnancies, and emotional distress.

Example:* Having unprotected sex with a new partner without knowing their sexual health history.

Reckless Driving: Driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs, speeding, and not wearing a seatbelt can lead to serious accidents and injuries.

Example:* A driver speeding in a taxi or bakkie.

Bullying: Using force or threats to abuse or intimidate another can lead to physical and emotional harm for all involved.

Example:* Teasing someone incessantly.

Refusal Skills: Knowing how to say "no" to peer pressure is crucial.

Here are some techniques: Say "No" Clearly and Firmly: Don't waffle. Be direct and confident.

Example:* "No, I don't want to try that." Give a Reason: Explain why you're refusing.

Example:* "No, I don't want to try that. It's bad for my health." Suggest an Alternative: Offer a different activity.

Example:* "No, I don't want to try that. Let's play soccer instead." Change the Subject: Steer the conversation in a different direction.

Walk Away: If the pressure continues, remove yourself from the situation.

Use the Broken Record Technique: Keep repeating your refusal without getting drawn into an argument.

Example:* "No thanks." "No, I'm not interested." "No, I don't want to." Sources of Help and Support: Family and Friends: Talk to trusted adults about your concerns.

Teachers and School Counsellors: They can provide guidance and support.

Community Centres: Many communities have centres that offer counselling and support services.

Helplines: There are helplines dedicated to substance abuse and mental health issues. (e.g., SADAG - South African Depression and Anxiety Group) Guided Practice (With Solutions)

Question 1: Define substance abuse in your own words. Give one example of a commonly abused substance in South Africa and explain why it is dangerous.

Solution: Substance abuse is the harmful use of substances like drugs or alcohol that can negatively impact your health, relationships, and future. One example is alcohol. It is dangerous because excessive drinking can cause liver damage, accidents, and addiction, and it is often linked to violence. It is also illegal to purchase if you are under 18.