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Subject: Biology
Semester: 2
Period: 6
Week: 34
School Name:
Teacher’s Name:
Subject: Biology
Grade Level: Grade 10
Date: Week 34
Lesson Duration: 45 minutes
Week & Term: Week 34, Period 6
Topic: Flowering Plants
Sub-topic:
- Reproduction in flowering plants
- Kinds of fruits and dispersal of fruits and seeds – (agents of dispersal)
- Plant Hormones and Plant Growth
a) Primary and secondary growth
b) Measurement of growth
c) Nastic and tactic movements in plants
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Explain sexual and asexual reproduction in flowering plants.
- List types of fruits and describe how fruits and seeds are dispersed.
- Identify and describe different plant hormones and their functions.
- Distinguish between primary and secondary growth in plants.
- Describe nastic and tactic movements in plants and give examples.
- Understand how plant growth is measured.
Previous Knowledge
Students already know:
• Structures and functions of flowers
• Seed structure and germination
• Types of leaves and stem modifications
Instructional Materials
- Diagrams showing pollination and fertilization
• Samples of fruits (e.g., mango, pea pods, dandelion, coconut)
• Chart listing plant hormones and their effects
• Time-lapse videos of plant growth and movement
• Graph paper or measurement logs for growth experiments
Lesson Development – ABC Model
A – Anticipation (Warm-up / Starter)
Time: 5–10 mins
Activity:
Show different fruits and ask students to guess how the seed inside might move to a new location.
Teacher’s Role: Encourage reasoning by prompting with clues.
Learner’s Role: Observe, guess, and connect with prior experience.
B – Building Knowledge (Main Lesson Body)
Time: 25–30 mins
Teacher’s Role:
• Reproduction in Plants:
– Sexual reproduction involves pollination and fertilization.
– Asexual reproduction occurs through runners, tubers, bulbs.
• Fruits and Dispersal:
– Types of fruits: dry (legumes) vs. fleshy (mango, tomato).
– Agents of dispersal: wind (dandelion), water (coconut), animals (mango), self-explosion (pea pods).
• Plant Hormones:
– Auxins: elongation of cells
– Gibberellins: stem growth and germination
– Cytokinins: cell division
– Abscisic acid: dormancy and closure of stomata
– Ethylene: ripening of fruits
• Growth in Plants:
– Primary growth: elongation at tips
– Secondary growth: thickness due to cambium
– Measurement: ruler, thread, graphing growth over time
• Plant Movements:
– Nastic: response to stimuli not related to direction (e.g., Mimosa pudica folding)
– Tactic: movement toward/away from stimuli like light or water (chemotaxis, phototaxis)
Learners’ Activities (Expanded):
• Compare and classify various fruits into their types and dispersal methods.
• Participate in a model demonstration of wind and water dispersal using light paper, seeds, or cotton.
• Match plant hormones with their effects using flashcards.
• Simulate measurement of plant growth by marking and tracking imaginary height over "days".
• Watch and discuss a time-lapse video showing plant movement.
• Group sketching of fruit dispersal and plant hormone function charts.
Assessment Checks:
✓ Label diagrams of fruit types and agents of dispersal
✓ Short oral quiz on hormones and growth
✓ Written task on difference between nastic and tactic movements
✓ Draw and annotate parts involved in plant reproduction
Notes (Expanded):
- Plants reproduce both sexually (using flowers) and asexually (through vegetative parts like tubers).
• Fruits protect seeds and help in their dispersal. Dispersal is vital for spreading offspring and avoiding overcrowding.
• Fruits are either dry (pods, nuts) or fleshy (banana, mango).
• Plant hormones regulate many functions:
– Auxins elongate stems
– Gibberellins boost seed growth
– Cytokinins promote cell division
– Ethylene ripens fruit
– Abscisic acid slows processes in harsh conditions
• Primary growth happens in length; secondary growth adds thickness.
• Plants move in response to stimuli:
– Nastic movement is touch-based (e.g., Mimosa folds its leaves).
– Tactic movement involves directional responses (e.g., algae moving toward light).
• Plant growth is measured using tools like rulers, thread, and time-lapse charts.
C – Consolidation (Conclusion & Assessment)
Time: 5–10 mins
Summary:
Teacher summarizes key points on reproduction, fruit dispersal, and hormones, using real fruits and visual prompts.
Evaluation Method (Expanded):
• Written assignment: match each plant hormone to its effect
• Group discussion on real-life observations of fruit dispersal
• In-class drawing of a flowering plant showing reproductive parts
• Oral questions comparing sexual and asexual reproduction
Assignment (Expanded):
- Collect 2 different types of fruits. Note their names, dispersal method, and draw them.
• Write one paragraph on why seed dispersal is important to plant survival.
• Interview a local farmer about any natural plant movements or growth patterns they've noticed.
• Prepare a report describing two plant hormones and their commercial uses.
Differentiation / Inclusive Strategies
- Struggling Learners: Use labeled visuals and simplify hormone functions
• Advanced Learners: Research how plant hormones are used in agriculture (e.g., fruit ripening)
• Students with Disabilities: Provide large print visuals and pre-recorded notes/audio explanations
Teacher’s Reflection (After Class)
• What worked well?
• What needs improvement?
• Students’ engagement level: □ High □ Medium □ Low
• Next steps: Begin exploration of transport systems and excretion in plants