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Subject: Chemistry
Semester: 2
Period: 4
Week: 21
School Name:
Teacher’s Name:
Subject: Chemistry
Grade Level: Grade 12
Week & Period: Week 21, Period IV
Date:
Topic: Chemistry of Selected Metals and Their Compounds (cont’d)
Subtopics:
- Coal: Types and destructive distillation
- Coke: Gasification and synthetic gas manufacture
Learning Objectives:
By the end of this lesson, learners should be able to:
- List and describe the types of coal.
- Explain the process of destructive distillation and list the products.
- Define coke and explain its gasification.
- Discuss the manufacture and applications of synthetic gas.
Previous Knowledge:
Learners have studied carbon and its allotropes, and are familiar with the general concept of fuels.
Instructional Materials:
- Samples/images of coal types (anthracite, bituminous, lignite)
- Diagram of destructive distillation apparatus
- Flowchart of gasification process
- Videos showing coke and syngas production
Anticipation (Warm-Up) – 5 minutes:
Ask: “What do you think coal is used for today? Can it produce different kinds of materials when heated?”
Building Knowledge (Main Lesson) – 25 minutes:
- Types of Coal:
- Anthracite: Highest carbon content, burns cleanly, used in metallurgy.
- Bituminous: Common type, used in electricity generation.
- Lignite: Lowest grade, high moisture, used in local heating.
- Destructive Distillation of Coal:
- Heating coal in the absence of air produces coke, coal tar, ammonia, coal gas.
- Setup involves a closed container and collection vessels for gases and liquids.
- Coke and Gasification:
- Coke is the solid carbon-rich residue after coal distillation.
- Coke gasification: Reaction of coke with steam to produce CO and H₂ (synthesis gas).
- Synthetic Gas (Syngas):
- Mixture of CO and H₂ used in production of methanol, ammonia (Haber process), and as a fuel.
Learners’ Activities:
- Classify coal samples/images based on properties.
- Diagram destructive distillation setup.
- Perform virtual or simulated reactions of coke gasification.
Consolidation (Review and Assessment) – 10 minutes:
- Quick worksheet on coal types and products of distillation.
- Pair discussion: “Why is syngas important in modern industry?”
Homework / Assignment:
- Write a report on the benefits and environmental risks of using coke and coal-derived fuels.
Notes – Detailed and Explained:
Coal is a fossil fuel that varies in carbon content and moisture. Its types—anthracite, bituminous, lignite—serve different industrial purposes. Through destructive distillation, coal can be broken down into useful components such as coal tar, gas, and coke.
Coke, the solid residue, is used in metallurgy and can be further processed through gasification, producing synthesis gas (CO + H₂). This gas is critical for industrial production of various chemicals and as an alternative fuel source.
The industrial value of coal and coke must be balanced with their environmental effects, including CO₂ emissions and pollution from coal tar and ash.
Expanded Notes / Instructions:
- Link coke gasification to Liberia’s potential in energy and fertilizer production.
- Discuss health hazards related to coal mining and distillation byproducts.
- Compare traditional and cleaner coal technologies.
Inclusive / Differentiation:
- Use simulations for destructive distillation.
- Provide summary charts for struggling learners.
- Allow oral presentations for kinesthetic learners.
Teacher’s Reflection (Post-Lesson Questions):
- Did learners understand the transformation of coal into various products?
- Were they able to relate synthetic gas to industrial uses?
- Did students link energy sources to environmental responsibility?