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Subject: Physical Education
Semester: 2
Period: 5
Week: 25
School Name: __________________________
Teacher’s Name: ________________________
Subject: Physical Education
Grade Level: Grade 12
Week & Period: Week 25, Period V
Date: __________________________
Topic: Basic Human Anatomy & Physiology
Subtopic: Skeletal and Muscular Systems
Learning Objectives:
By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:
- Identify and classify the main bones of the human skeletal system.
- Describe the functions of the skeletal system in relation to physical activity.
- Identify major muscle groups and explain their role in movement.
- Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Previous Knowledge:
Learners have a basic understanding of the human body and its relevance to movement and exercise.
Instructional Materials:
- Diagrams/models of the human skeleton and muscles
- Videos showing muscle movements during physical activity
- Whiteboard and markers
- Handouts with skeletal and muscular system charts
ABC Teaching Model
A - Anticipation (Warm-Up) – 5 minutes
- Ask: “Can you name any bones or muscles you know in your body?”
- Activity: Learners perform simple stretches, naming muscles they feel working.
B - Building Knowledge (Main Lesson) – 25 minutes
Skeletal System:
- Main bones: skull, clavicle, scapula, sternum, ribs, vertebrae, humerus, radius, ulna, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula.
- Functions: support, protection of organs, movement facilitation, blood cell production, mineral storage.
- Relation to PE: provides framework for movement; protects vital organs during physical activity.
Muscular System:
- Types of muscles: skeletal (voluntary), smooth (involuntary), cardiac (involuntary).
- Major muscle groups: biceps, triceps, quadriceps, hamstrings, deltoids, pectorals, abdominals, gluteals, calves.
- Functions: movement, posture maintenance, heat production.
- Role in PE: muscles contract to create movement and maintain posture during activities.
Learners’ Activities:
- Label diagrams of the skeletal and muscular systems.
- Perform muscle contraction demonstrations (e.g., bicep curl).
- Group discussion on how skeletal and muscular systems work together during sports.
- Identify muscles used in common sports or exercises (e.g., running, jumping).
C - Consolidation (Review and Assessment) – 10 minutes
Review Questions:
- Name three major bones of the human body.
- What is the primary function of the skeletal system?
- Distinguish between voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Mini Quiz:
- Which bone is known as the thigh bone?
Femur
B. Tibia
C. Radius
D. Ulna - Skeletal muscles are:
Involuntary
B. Voluntary
C. Cardiac
D. Smooth
Assignment:
- Draw and label the major bones and muscles discussed in class.
- Write a short paragraph explaining how muscles and bones work together during physical activity.
- Research and present on a common sports injury related to bones or muscles and how to prevent it.
Detailed Notes:
- The skeletal system provides structure and protects organs; it's essential for movement.
- Muscles pull on bones to produce movement; different muscle types serve different functions.
- Healthy muscles and bones improve physical performance and reduce injury risk.
Expanded Instructions:
- Use real-life examples to relate anatomy to sports performance.
- Demonstrate muscle movements and involve learners in practical exercises.
- Provide clear diagrams for visual learners.
Inclusive/Differentiation:
- Provide labeled diagrams and simplified notes for learners needing extra support.
- Allow oral presentations or group work for assignments.
- Use peer teaching for muscle movement demonstrations.
Teacher’s Reflection:
- Were learners able to correctly identify bones and muscles?
- Did practical activities enhance understanding?
- Which parts of the lesson engaged learners most?
- How can the lesson be adjusted for better clarity or participation?