Basic Human Anatomy & Physiology

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Subject: Physical Education

Semester: 2

Period: 5

Week: 26

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School Name: __________________________
Teacher’s Name: ________________________
Subject: Physical Education
Grade Level: Grade 12
Week & Period: Week 26, Period V
Date: __________________________

Topic: Basic Human Anatomy & Physiology
Subtopic: Nervous System

 

Learning Objectives:

By the end of the lesson, learners should be able to:

1. Describe the structure and functions of the nervous system.
2. Explain how the nervous system controls voluntary and involuntary actions.
3. Identify the parts of the nervous system involved in physical activity.
4. Discuss the role of the nervous system in coordination and reflexes.

 

Previous Knowledge:

Learners have basic understanding of body systems and their roles in movement.

 

Instructional Materials:

• Diagrams/models of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord, nerves)
• Video clips demonstrating reflex actions and motor coordination
• Whiteboard and markers
• Handouts summarizing key nervous system functions

 

ABC Teaching Model

A - Anticipation (Warm-Up) – 5 minutes

• Ask: “Have you ever quickly moved your hand away after touching something hot? What happened?”
• Activity: Learners discuss reflex actions they have experienced.

 

B - Building Knowledge (Main Lesson) – 25 minutes

Structure of the Nervous System:

• Central Nervous System (CNS): brain and spinal cord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): sensory and motor neurons

Functions:

• CNS processes information and sends commands.
• PNS carries signals between CNS and body parts.
• Controls voluntary movements (e.g., running, throwing) and involuntary actions (e.g., heartbeat).

Coordination and Reflexes:

• Coordination between muscles and sensory inputs enables smooth movement.
• Reflex actions are automatic responses to stimuli (e.g., blinking, knee-jerk).
• Reflex arc pathway explained with examples.

Learners’ Activities:

• Label parts of the nervous system on diagrams.
• Demonstrate reflex tests (knee-jerk reflex) in pairs.
• Group discussion: How does nervous system coordination affect sports performance?
• Identify sports requiring high nervous system coordination (e.g., gymnastics, basketball).

 

C - Consolidation (Review and Assessment) – 10 minutes

Review Questions:

1. What are the two main parts of the nervous system?
2. How does the nervous system control voluntary movement?
3. Describe a reflex action.

Mini Quiz:

1. The brain and spinal cord make up the:
   Peripheral Nervous System
   B. Central Nervous System
   C. Motor Neurons
   D. Sensory Neurons
2. Reflex actions are:
   Learned behaviors
   B. Voluntary movements
   C. Automatic responses
   D. Slow responses

Assignment:

1. Write a report explaining how the nervous system helps athletes perform complex movements.
2. Research and present on a neurological condition that affects physical activity.
3. Create a poster illustrating the reflex arc pathway.

 

Detailed Notes:

• The nervous system is essential for communication between the brain and muscles.
• Reflexes protect the body from harm and improve reaction time in sports.
• Coordination improves athletic performance and reduces injury risk.

 

Expanded Instructions:

• Use practical demonstrations to illustrate abstract concepts.
• Encourage group work and peer teaching for complex ideas.
• Provide clear, labeled diagrams to aid visualization.

 

Inclusive/Differentiation:

• Provide step-by-step explanations and glossaries for difficult terms.
• Allow oral presentations or visual projects for assignments.
• Use peer support to help struggling learners.

 

Teacher’s Reflection:

• Did learners grasp the role of the nervous system in movement?
• Which activities were most effective for understanding reflexes?
• How engaged were learners during practical demonstrations?
• What improvements could make future lessons more interactive?