Basic Human Anatomy & Physiology

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Subject: Physical Education

Semester: 2

Period: 5

Week: 29

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School Name: __________________________
Teacher’s Name: ________________________
Subject: Physical Education
Grade Level: Grade 12
Week & Period: Week 29, Period V
Date: __________________________

Topic: Basic Human Anatomy & Physiology
Subtopic: Muscular System

 

Learning Objectives:

By the end of this lesson, learners should be able to:

1. Classify the types of muscles in the human body.
2. Describe the characteristics and functions of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscles.
3. Explain how muscles contract to produce movement.
4. Relate muscle function to physical activity and exercise.

 

Previous Knowledge:

Learners have studied the skeletal system and basic muscle groups.

 

Instructional Materials:

• Diagrams/models of muscle types
• Videos showing muscle contraction and movement
• Whiteboard and markers
• Handouts detailing muscle types and functions

 

ABC Teaching Model

A - Anticipation (Warm-Up) – 5 minutes

• Ask: “What types of muscles do you think help you run, digest food, or keep your heart beating?”
• Activity: Learners flex muscles and identify voluntary vs involuntary movements.

 

B - Building Knowledge (Main Lesson) – 25 minutes

Types of Muscles:

• Skeletal muscles: voluntary, attached to bones, responsible for movement
• Smooth muscles: involuntary, found in walls of internal organs (e.g., stomach, intestines)
• Cardiac muscle: involuntary, found only in the heart

Characteristics:

• Skeletal muscles are striated and work in pairs (agonist and antagonist)
• Smooth muscles are non-striated and control slow, involuntary movements
• Cardiac muscle is striated but involuntary, with rhythmic contractions

Muscle Contraction:

• Sliding filament theory (brief overview)
• Role of tendons in attaching muscles to bones
• Muscle fatigue and recovery

Relation to Physical Activity:

• Skeletal muscles enable movement, strength, and posture
• Smooth muscles aid bodily functions essential for endurance
• Cardiac muscle maintains blood flow during exercise

Learners’ Activities:

• Label diagrams of muscle types.
• Demonstrate agonist and antagonist muscle pairs using arm flexion and extension.
• Group discussion on muscle fatigue and how athletes manage recovery.
• Identify muscles used in common sports activities.

 

C - Consolidation (Review and Assessment) – 10 minutes

Review Questions:

1. Name the three types of muscles in the body.
2. What is the main function of skeletal muscles?
3. How do muscles work in pairs to create movement?

Mini Quiz:

1. Cardiac muscle is found in the:
   Stomach
   B. Heart
   C. Lungs
   D. Intestines
2. Which muscle type is voluntary?
   Skeletal
   B. Smooth
   C. Cardiac
   D. All of the above

Assignment:

1. Write an explanation of how skeletal muscles work during running.
2. Research and present a common muscle injury and prevention methods.
3. Create a diagram showing agonist and antagonist muscle pairs.

 

Detailed Notes:

• Understanding muscle types helps in training and injury prevention.
• Muscle contraction mechanisms are key to all physical movements.
• Proper care and recovery improve muscle performance and health.

 

Expanded Instructions:

• Use videos and live demonstrations to clarify muscle functions.
• Encourage interactive learning through movement and discussion.
• Provide simplified explanations of complex biological processes.

 

Inclusive/Differentiation:

• Offer visual aids and glossaries for technical terms.
• Allow oral or artistic assignments as alternatives.
• Use peer collaboration for practical demonstrations.

 

Teacher’s Reflection:

• Did learners understand muscle classifications and functions?
• Were practical demonstrations helpful?
• How well did learners connect muscle knowledge to physical activity?
• What can be done to improve engagement and comprehension?