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Subject: Mathematics
Semester: 1
Period: 2
Week: 7
School Name:
Teacher’s Name:
Subject: Mathematics
Grade Level: Grade 4
Date: Week 7
Lesson Duration: 45 minutes
Week & Period: Week 7, Period 2
Topic: Multiplication
Sub-topic: Multiplication Facts and Properties
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Read, recall, and apply multiplication facts up to 12 × 12
Explain and apply the commutative, associative, identity, and zero properties of multiplication
Solve multiplication problems using these properties
Previous Knowledge
Students already know addition as repeated counting and simple multiplication facts up to 5 × 5
Instructional Materials
Mathematics textbook for Grade 4, multiplication flashcards, graph paper, counters, charts
Lesson Development – ABC Model
A – Anticipation (Warm-up / Starter)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Teacher asks rapid-fire multiplication facts up to 5 × 5 using flashcards.
Learners play a quick “multiplication relay” game where groups answer simple multiplication questions.
B – Building Knowledge (Main Lesson Body)
Time: 25–30 minutes
Definition and Explanation (Detailed)
Multiplication is a quick way of doing repeated addition. For example, instead of writing:
4 + 4 + 4 = 12, we can write 4 × 3 = 12.
Here, 4 is multiplied 3 times.
This means:
4 × 3 = 4 + 4 + 4 = 12
Multiplication Properties (Detailed with More Examples)
- Commutative Property of Multiplication
This property says changing the order of the numbers does not change the answer.
Examples:
- 6 × 4 = 24 and 4 × 6 = 24
- 9 × 2 = 18 and 2 × 9 = 18
- 10 × 3 = 30 and 3 × 10 = 30
💡 Tip: The numbers can “commute” or switch places and still give the same product.
- Associative Property of Multiplication
This property says changing the grouping of numbers does not change the answer.
Examples:
- (2 × 3) × 4 = 6 × 4 = 24
- 2 × (3 × 4) = 2 × 12 = 24
- (5 × 2) × 6 = 10 × 6 = 60
- 5 × (2 × 6) = 5 × 12 = 60
💡 Tip: The way numbers are grouped with brackets (parentheses) doesn’t affect the result.
- Identity Property of Multiplication
This property says any number multiplied by 1 remains the same.
Examples:
- 8 × 1 = 8
- 245 × 1 = 245
- 1 × 9 = 9
💡 Tip: Think of 1 as the "identity" that keeps the number the same.
- Zero Property of Multiplication
This property says any number multiplied by 0 is always 0.
Examples:
- 12 × 0 = 0
- 0 × 199 = 0
- 89 × 0 = 0
💡 Tip: If you multiply by zero, you get nothing.
Worked Examples (Expanded)
- 7 × 5 = 35
- (3 × 2) × 4 = 6 × 4 = 24
- 3 × (2 × 4) = 3 × 8 = 24
- 12 × 0 = 0
- 1 × 13 = 13
- 8 × 4 = 32
- 4 × 8 = 32 (commutative property confirmed)
- (6 × 1) × 5 = 6 × 5 = 30
- 6 × (1 × 5) = 6 × 5 = 30 (associative property confirmed)
Learners’ Activities (Expanded & Varied)
🔹 Flashcard Drill Practice (in pairs):
- Students take turns showing and answering multiplication flashcards (e.g., 7 × 8, 6 × 9).
- They must say if the property (commutative, associative, etc.) applies.
🔹 Draw Arrays Using Graph Paper:
- For 3 × 4: Draw 3 rows with 4 dots each.
- For 4 × 3: Draw 4 rows with 3 dots each.
- Compare both: they represent the same total (12), showing commutative property.
🔹 Property-Matching Game (Small Groups):
- Cards with equations on one side and property names on another.
- Students must match the equation to the correct property.
Example:
Match: - (3 × 5) × 2 = 3 × (5 × 2) → Associative Property
- 12 × 1 = 12 → Identity Property
- 0 × 19 = 0 → Zero Property
- 7 × 4 = 4 × 7 → Commutative Property
🔹 Real-Life Application Role Play:
- Groups create skits explaining how multiplication is used in farming, shopping, or sports.
Example:
"If I plant 5 rows of 6 corn stalks each, how many do I have in total?"
→ 5 × 6 = 30
Assessment Checks (Expanded)
✅ Oral Questions:
- What is 9 × 6?
- What property does 6 × 5 = 5 × 6 show?
- Explain the result of 15 × 0.
✅ Written Tasks:
- Solve and identify the property:
- (4 × 2) × 3 = 4 × (2 × 3)
- 13 × 1 = ?
- 0 × 48 = ?
- 7 × 3 = 3 × 7
- Fill in the blanks:
- The property that shows a number stays the same when multiplied by 1 is the _____ property.
- The product of any number and 0 is _____.
✅ Class Practice Worksheet:
- Solve 8 problems, each using one of the properties
- Identify the property used
- Justify your answers in one sentence
Notes (Expanded & Detailed)
🔍 Concept Focus:
- Multiplication is a shortcut for repeated addition.
- Understanding the properties of multiplication helps students simplify mental math and organize long problems.
📌 Why It Matters:
- Helps in speed, accuracy, and flexibility during problem-solving.
- Forms the basis for algebraic thinking (brackets, order of operations).
- Real-life uses: Budgeting, packaging, building, farming, shopping.
C – Consolidation (Conclusion & Assessment)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Summary: Multiplication facts reviewed; properties of multiplication discussed with examples
Evaluation Method (Expanded):
Exit slip/quiz: 2 quick multiplication fact questions and 1 property identification question
Teacher will collect slips and provide oral feedback
Assignment (Expanded):
Complete exercises on page ___ of the mathematics textbook on multiplication properties
Follow-up Activity:
Practice multiplication tables 6 to 12 at home using flashcards
Differentiation / Inclusive Strategies
Use concrete objects for learners who struggle
Pair stronger learners with weaker learners for peer support
Teacher’s Reflection (After Class)
What worked well? ___________________________________________
What needs improvement? ____________________________________
Students’ engagement level: ☑ High ☑ Medium ☑ Low