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Subject: Mathematics
Semester: 1
Period: 2
Week: 9
School Name:
Teacher’s Name:
Subject: Mathematics
Grade Level: Grade 4
Date: Week 9
Lesson Duration: 45 minutes
Week & Period: Week 9, Period 2
Topic: Multiplication
Sub-topic: Multiply 2-, 3-, or 4-digit Numbers by 1-digit Numbers
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
Multiply 2-, 3-, or 4-digit numbers by a 1-digit number using the column method
Regroup correctly across place values
Solve word problems involving multiplication
Previous Knowledge
Students already know basic multiplication facts and how to multiply smaller numbers by 1-digit numbers
Instructional Materials
Mathematics textbook, graph paper, chalkboard, markers
Lesson Development – ABC Model
A – Anticipation (Warm-up / Starter)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Teacher asks learners: What is 23 × 4? What is 45 × 6?
B – Building Knowledge (Main Lesson Body)
Time: 25–30 minutes
Definition and Explanation (Expanded & Detailed)
Column multiplication, also called the vertical algorithm, is a method of multiplying large numbers by writing them in columns — aligning digits by place value (ones, tens, hundreds, etc.) — and multiplying each digit starting from the ones place.
Each digit in the larger number is multiplied individually by the 1-digit number (the multiplier), and if the result is more than 9, you regroup (carry over) the tens to the next place value.
Step-by-Step Examples (Worked Examples Expanded)
Example 1:
234 × 6
Step 1: Multiply the ones
6 × 4 = 24 → write 4, carry 2
Step 2: Multiply the tens
6 × 3 = 18 → 18 + 2 = 20 → write 0, carry 2
Step 3: Multiply the hundreds
6 × 2 = 12 → 12 + 2 = 14 → write 14
Answer: 1,404
Example 2:
1,245 × 8
Step 1: 8 × 5 = 40 → write 0, carry 4
Step 2: 8 × 4 = 32 → 32 + 4 = 36 → write 6, carry 3
Step 3: 8 × 2 = 16 → 16 + 3 = 19 → write 9, carry 1
Step 4: 8 × 1 = 8 → 8 + 1 = 9 → write 9
Answer: 9,960
Example 3 (4-digit × 1-digit):
3,206 × 7
Step 1: 7 × 6 = 42 → write 2, carry 4
Step 2: 7 × 0 = 0 + 4 = 4 → write 4
Step 3: 7 × 2 = 14 → write 4, carry 1
Step 4: 7 × 3 = 21 + 1 = 22
Answer: 22,442
Example 4 (with regrouping in all digits):
1,198 × 5
Step 1: 5 × 8 = 40 → write 0, carry 4
Step 2: 5 × 9 = 45 + 4 = 49 → write 9, carry 4
Step 3: 5 × 1 = 5 + 4 = 9 → write 9
Step 4: 5 × 1 = 5 → write 5
Answer: 5,990
Place Value Table Demonstration (Optional Visual Support)
Use a place value chart on the board or a projector to show:
- Ones
- Tens
- Hundreds
- Thousands
Have students write each step of the multiplication aligned under the correct place value column.
Learners’ Activities (Expanded)
🔹 1. Individual Practice Using Graph Paper:
Students solve problems like 348 × 3, 1,102 × 6, using graph paper to keep columns aligned correctly.
🔹 2. Pair Work – Word Problems:
- Create multiplication word problems together.
Example: “If one classroom has 34 desks, how many desks are in 7 classrooms?”
→ 34 × 7 = 238
🔹 3. Group Work – Create Real-World Scenarios:
Groups invent scenarios involving multiplication, e.g.:
- “There are 245 people in one bus. How many people in 4 buses?”
- “A farmer has 1,234 pineapples in a row. How many pineapples in 3 rows?”
🔹 4. Error Spotting Exercise:
Give incorrect multiplication problems on the board. Let learners identify and correct the mistakes.
Example:
145 × 3
3 × 5 = 15 → correct
3 × 4 = 12 → should be 12 + 1 = 13 (carry not added)
🔹 5. Hands-On Tools:
Use base-10 blocks or digit cards to demonstrate regrouping physically for tactile learners.
Assessment Checks (Expanded)
✅ Quick Oral/Board Questions:
- Multiply: 345 × 7
- Multiply: 1,024 × 6
- Multiply: 2,510 × 8
- Multiply: 1,030 × 4
✅ Explain in Words:
- “Why is it important to regroup when using the column method?”
- “What would happen if you forgot to carry over?”
✅ Worksheet Sample Problems (3 levels of difficulty):
- Level 1 (2-digit × 1-digit):
42 × 5 = ___
67 × 3 = ___ - Level 2 (3-digit × 1-digit):
234 × 4 = ___
521 × 6 = ___ - Level 3 (4-digit × 1-digit):
1,203 × 7 = ___
3,041 × 9 = ___
✅ Word Problems:
- A printing company prints 1,246 newspapers each day. How many newspapers are printed in 6 days?
→ 1,246 × 6 = 7,476
Notes (Expanded & Detailed)
📌 Column multiplication is essential for solving larger number multiplication in a clear, organized way.
📌 Steps to Remember:
- Start from the ones place (rightmost digit)
- Multiply each digit in the top number by the 1-digit multiplier
- Add any carried-over numbers
- Write the answer from right to left
- Double-check your carried values!
📌 Why Regrouping Is Important:
- It ensures accuracy when the product of two digits is 10 or more
- If we forget to regroup, the final answer will be smaller or incorrect
📌 Real-Life Applications:
- Budgeting: “How much will 1,230 school bags cost if one bag costs $6?”
- Planning events: “How many meals for 347 people for 5 days?”
📌 Common Mistakes to Address:
- Forgetting to carry over extra digits
- Misaligning digits when writing answers
- Starting from the left instead of the right
- Writing carried digits in the wrong column
C – Consolidation (Conclusion & Assessment)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Summary: Multiplication of larger numbers can be solved step by step using column method
Evaluation Method (Expanded):
Exit slip/quiz: Multiply 432 × 8
Teacher collects slips and gives oral feedback
Assignment (Expanded):
Solve textbook problems on multiplication of multi-digit numbers by 1-digit numbers
Follow-up Activity:
At home, write 3 real-life multiplication word problems
Differentiation / Inclusive Strategies
Allow use of graph paper for alignment
Challenge advanced learners with 4-digit × 1-digit problems
Teacher’s Reflection (After Class)
What worked well? ___________________________________________
What needs improvement? ____________________________________
Students’ engagement level: ☑ High ☑ Medium ☑ Low