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Subject: Mathematics
Semester: 1
Period: 2
Week: 7
School Name:
Teacher’s Name:
Subject: Mathematics
Grade Level: Grade 5
Date: Week 7
Lesson Duration: 45 minutes
Week & Period: Week 7, Period 2
Topic: Prime, Even, and Odd Numbers
Sub-topic: Identifying and Classifying Numbers
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Define and identify prime numbers less than 100.
- Differentiate between prime and composite numbers.
- Identify even and odd numbers correctly.
- Classify numbers as prime, composite, even, or odd.
Previous Knowledge
Students already know multiplication tables, factors, and multiples.
Instructional Materials
Mathematics textbook for Grade 5, number charts, counters, flashcards
Lesson Development – ABC Model
A – Anticipation (Warm-up / Starter)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Teacher writes 2, 5, 9, 11, 15, 18 on the board and asks learners: Which of these are divisible by 2? Which have more than two factors?
B – Building Knowledge (Main Lesson Body)
Time: 25–30 minutes
Definitions and Explanations:
• Prime Numbers: A prime number is a number that has exactly two distinct positive factors: 1 and itself. Prime numbers cannot be divided evenly by any other number. They are the foundation of all natural numbers because every number is made by multiplying primes (prime factorization).
Examples: 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29
• Composite Numbers: A composite number is a number that has more than two factors. This means it can be divided evenly by numbers other than just 1 and itself. All composite numbers have at least one factor pair other than 1 and itself.
Examples: 4 (1,2,4), 6 (1,2,3,6), 8 (1,2,4,8), 9 (1,3,9), 12 (1,2,3,4,6,12)
• Even Numbers: An even number is any whole number that is divisible by 2. If a number ends in 0, 2, 4, 6, or 8, it is even. Even numbers form equal pairs without a remainder.
Examples: 0, 2, 10, 24, 56, 68, 100
• Odd Numbers: An odd number is any whole number that is not divisible by 2. These numbers leave a remainder of 1 when divided by 2. Odd numbers end in 1, 3, 5, 7, or 9.
Examples: 1, 3, 15, 27, 35, 47, 89
Examples and Explanations:
- 29 is prime because its only factors are 1 and 29—it cannot be divided evenly by any other number.
- 21 is composite because it has more than two factors: 1, 3, 7, and 21.
- 42 is even because 42 ÷ 2 = 21 with no remainder.
- 37 is odd because 37 ÷ 2 = 18 remainder 1—it cannot be divided evenly by 2.
- 16 is composite and even because it has multiple factors (1, 2, 4, 8, 16) and ends in 6.
- 1 is not prime or composite—by definition, 1 has only one factor and is excluded from both categories.
Learners’ Activities (Expanded):
• Students use color-coded counters to test whether numbers are divisible by 2 (even or odd).
• Learners use a hundred chart to circle all prime numbers up to 100 using the Sieve of Eratosthenes method.
• Small groups are given sets of number cards (e.g., 1–50). They work together to sort the cards into prime, composite, even, and odd categories and explain their reasoning.
• Students work in pairs to list all the factors of given numbers and decide whether the number is prime or composite.
• Whole class discussion: “Can a number be both even and prime?” (Answer: Yes, only the number 2.)
Assessment Checks:
• Teacher asks: “Is 17 a prime or composite number?” (Answer: Prime)
• “Is 64 an odd or even number?” (Answer: Even)
• “Give two examples of numbers that are both composite and even.” (Answer: 4 and 10)
• “List all the prime numbers between 10 and 30.” (Answer: 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29)
• “What is the smallest prime number?” (Answer: 2)
• “Is 1 a prime number?” (Answer: No—explain why.)
Notes (Expanded & Detailed):
• Prime numbers are fundamental building blocks in mathematics. All numbers can be broken into prime factors.
• The number 2 is the only even prime number—every other even number is divisible by 2 and is therefore composite.
• Understanding even and odd numbers helps with skip counting, patterns, and divisibility rules.
• Composite numbers are useful for factorization and understanding multiplication relationships.
• The concept of prime vs. composite prepares learners for later topics such as fractions, LCM, HCF, and algebra.
• Encourage learners to look for patterns in numbers and use logic, not memorization, to determine if numbers are prime.
C – Consolidation (Conclusion & Assessment)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Summary: Teacher reviews prime, composite, even, and odd with quick examples.
Evaluation Method (Expanded):
Exit slip/quiz: Classify the numbers 19, 28, 45, 61 as prime/composite and odd/even.
Assignment (Expanded):
Complete textbook questions on prime, even, and odd numbers.
Follow-up Activity:
Learners create posters showing examples of prime, composite, even, and odd numbers.
Differentiation / Inclusive Strategies
Support weaker learners with visual aids and counters. Challenge advanced learners with prime numbers above 50.
Teacher’s Reflection (After Class)
• What worked well? ___________________________________________
• What needs improvement? ____________________________________
• Students’ engagement level: ☑ High ☑ Medium ☑ Low