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Subject: Mathematics
Semester: 2
Period: 5
Week: 28
School Name:
Teacher’s Name:
Subject: Mathematics
Grade Level: Grade 5
Date: Week 28
Lesson Duration: 45 minutes
Week & Period: Week 28, Period 5
Topic: Solid Figures and Congruent Figures
Sub-topic: Identifying 3D solids and understanding congruence
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Identify and describe solid figures (cube, cuboid, cylinder, cone, sphere, prism).
- State the properties of solids (faces, edges, vertices).
- Explain and demonstrate congruent figures.
Previous Knowledge
Students already know 2D shapes like rectangles, squares, and triangles.
Instructional Materials
Mathematics textbook for Grade 5, classroom objects (ball, box, tin, cone), cutout figures
Lesson Development – ABC Model
A – Anticipation (Warm-up / Starter)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Teacher shows objects like a football, a box, and a can of milk. Learners guess the geometric shape of each.
B – Building Knowledge (Main Lesson Body)
Time: 25–30 minutes
Solid Figures (3D Shapes):
Solid figures are three-dimensional (3D) shapes that have length, breadth (width), and height. These shapes occupy space and can be held or touched. They have faces (flat or curved surfaces), edges (where two faces meet), and vertices (corners where edges meet).
- Cube
Definition: A cube has 6 equal square faces, 12 equal edges, and 8 vertices (corners).
• All sides and angles are equal.
• Real-life example: Dice, Rubik’s cube, sugar cube - Cuboid (Rectangular Prism)
Definition: A cuboid has 6 rectangular faces, 12 edges, and 8 vertices. Opposite faces are equal.
• Faces are rectangles, not necessarily squares.
• Real-life example: Books, boxes, bricks - Cylinder
Definition: A cylinder has 2 flat circular faces (top and bottom) and 1 curved surface. It has no vertices and 2 edges.
• It can roll and stand upright.
• Real-life example: Tin can, battery, water bottle - Cone
Definition: A cone has 1 flat circular face, 1 curved surface, and 1 vertex (pointed tip). It has 1 edge.
• Real-life example: Ice cream cone, party hat, traffic cone - Sphere
Definition: A sphere has no flat faces, only 1 curved surface, no edges, and no vertices.
• All points on the surface are the same distance from the center.
• Real-life example: Football, basketball, marble - Prism
Definition: A prism is a solid with two identical parallel faces (called bases) and rectangular side faces.
• The shape of the base gives the name of the prism (e.g., triangular prism, pentagonal prism).
• Real-life example: Tent, Toblerone chocolate box, bridge support beam
Congruent Figures:
• Definition: Congruent figures are figures that have the exact same shape and size, though they may be turned or flipped.
• All corresponding sides and angles of congruent figures are equal.
• Congruence can be shown through tracing, folding, or measuring.
• Real-life example: Two paper triangles cut using the same measurements are congruent.
• Other examples: Matching puzzle pieces, identical tiles, symmetrical drawings.
Learners’ Activities (Expanded):
• Learners explore the classroom to identify and list real-life solid objects and classify them (e.g., the whiteboard eraser as a cuboid, a ball as a sphere).
• Learners handle 3D models of solids and use charts or tables to count and record the number of faces, edges, and vertices for each figure.
• Learners sort a box of assorted solids (plastic models, paper shapes) into categories based on shape.
• Using colored paper, learners cut two identical shapes and fold one over the other to demonstrate congruence.
• In pairs, learners test congruence by using tracing paper or transparent sheets.
• Group activity: Build a "Solid Figures Museum" with labeled 3D models and a station to demonstrate congruence.
Assessment Checks:
• Quick oral questions:
- “How many faces does a cuboid have?” (6)
- “Which solid figure has only one curved surface?” (Sphere)
- “Does a cone have a vertex?” (Yes, one)
- “Is a football a prism?” (No, it is a sphere)
• Practical checks: - Learners point to or pick out a solid figure when named.
- Show learners two shapes and ask: “Are these congruent?”
• Written exercises: - Complete a table of shapes with columns for Faces, Edges, Vertices.
- Identify the solid figure based on a description: e.g., “This shape has 6 square faces. What is it?” (Cube)
- Draw and label two congruent triangles.
Notes (Expanded & Detailed):
Solid figures help learners understand real-world shapes and structures. Recognizing features like faces, edges, and vertices improves spatial reasoning and supports engineering, design, and architecture concepts.
Understanding congruent figures lays the foundation for symmetry, transformations, and geometry proofs. Students benefit from hands-on experience with physical models and from comparing real-life objects to abstract concepts.
Always encourage learners to touch, measure, and visualize when learning about solid and congruent figures. Visual aids, manipulatives, and real-life examples enhance conceptual understanding.
C – Consolidation (Conclusion & Assessment)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Summary: Teacher revises properties of cube, cuboid, cone, cylinder, prism, and sphere. Recaps meaning of congruence.
Evaluation Method (Expanded):
Exit slip/quiz: Learners identify the solid figure that represents a football and one that represents a book. Teacher provides oral feedback.
Assignment (Expanded):
Draw and name 5 solid figures. State their faces, edges, and vertices.
Follow-up Activity:
Learners collect household items representing solids and bring them to the next class.
Differentiation / Inclusive Strategies
Use real objects for learners who learn better with hands-on activities. Encourage peer-to-peer explanations for congruence.
Teacher’s Reflection (After Class)
What worked well? ___________________________________________
What needs improvement? ____________________________________
Students’ engagement level: ☑ High ☐ Medium ☐ Low