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Subject: English
Semester: 1
Period: 3
Week: 14
School Name:
Teacher’s Name:
Subject: English Language
Grade Level: Grade 8
Date:
Lesson Duration: 45 minutes
Week & Period: Week 14, Period 3
Topic: Using Pronouns “Who” and “Whom” in Sentences; Regular and Irregular Verbs
Sub-topic: Demonstrating correct use of “who” and “whom” in sentences; Constructing sentences using regular and irregular verbs
Learning Objectives
By the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
- Demonstrate the correct use of pronouns “who” and “whom” in sentences.
- Identify regular and irregular verbs.
- Construct sentences using both regular and irregular verbs accurately.
Previous Knowledge
Students already know:
• Basic pronouns (he, she, it, they, etc.)
• Simple sentence construction (subject + predicate)
Instructional Materials
• Textbook: English Language textbooks for Grade 8
• Teaching aids: Example sentences on the board, charts of regular and irregular verbs, flashcards
• Students’ notebooks and writing materials
Lesson Development – ABC Model
A – Anticipation (Warm-up / Starter)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Activity: The teacher will ask the class:
• Can anyone give an example of a sentence using “who”?
• Can anyone give an example of a sentence using “whom”?
• Identify verbs in simple sentences and classify them as regular or irregular.
The teacher will record their responses on the board.
Teacher’s Role: Guide discussion, clarify misconceptions about “who” vs. “whom” and regular vs. irregular verbs.
Learner’s Role:
• Share existing examples and respond verbally.
• Participate actively in warm-up discussion.
B – Building Knowledge (Main Lesson Body)
Time: 25–30 minutes
Teacher’s Role:
🔹 Pronouns – “Who” vs. “Whom”
• Clearly explain that “who” is a subject pronoun—it does the action.
• Explain that “whom” is an object pronoun—it receives the action or follows a preposition.
- Use these sentence examples to illustrate:
– “Who is knocking at the door?” → “Who” = subject of the verb “is knocking”
– “Whom did you meet at the event?” → “Whom” = object of the verb “did meet”
– “Who called you last night?” → “Who” = subject
– “To whom did she speak?” → “Whom” = object of preposition “to”
– “Whom are they waiting for?” (object of verb “are waiting”)
– “Who is your teacher?” (subject complement) - Provide a quick trick: Try replacing the word with he/she (subject) or him/her (object).
– “Who/Whom called?” → “He called.” ✔️ (So, use “Who”)
– “You called who/whom?” → “You called him.” ✔️ (So, use “Whom”)
🔹 Verbs – Regular vs. Irregular
• Define regular verbs: verbs that form their past tense by simply adding -ed or -d.
Examples:
– walk → walked
– clean → cleaned
– laugh → laughed
– play → played
– talk → talked
- Define irregular verbs: verbs that do not follow regular patterns when forming their past tense.
Examples:
– go → went
– eat → ate
– bring → brought
– see → saw
– write → wrote
– think → thought
– take → took
– build → built - Use a comparison chart on the board:
|
Base Verb |
Past Tense |
Regular/Irregular |
|
jump |
jumped |
Regular |
|
run |
ran |
Irregular |
|
bake |
baked |
Regular |
|
swim |
swam |
Irregular |
|
help |
helped |
Regular |
|
drink |
drank |
Irregular |
- Explain tenses using both regular and irregular verbs:
– Present: I write stories.
– Past: I wrote a story yesterday.
– Future: I will write another story tomorrow.
– Present: She walks to school.
– Past: She walked to school yesterday.
– Future: She will walk again tomorrow. - Guide learners through constructing sentences using both “who” and “whom” correctly.
• Guide learners through forming sentences with both regular and irregular verbs in present, past, and future tenses.
Learners’ Activities (Expanded):
• Listen actively and take notes on the use of “who” and “whom,” and the difference between regular and irregular verbs.
• Practice identifying “who” as subject and “whom” as object in teacher-provided examples.
• Complete an oral activity: Teacher reads sentences, learners shout out “who” or “whom” depending on correctness.
• Participate in a sentence correction game: Teacher writes incorrect “who/whom” sentences, learners correct them.
• Construct at least two sentences each using:
– “who” as subject
– “whom” as object
– a sentence with a regular verb (in past tense)
– a sentence with an irregular verb (in past tense)
• In pairs or groups, write short paragraphs (4–6 sentences) that:
– Use at least one sentence with “who”
– One sentence with “whom”
– At least one regular verb
– At least one irregular verb
• Exchange paragraphs with another group for peer correction.
Assessment Checks:
• Teacher provides 10 fill-in-the-blank questions with “who” or “whom”; learners fill in the correct pronoun.
• Teacher provides verb lists; learners identify whether each is regular or irregular and provide the correct past tense.
• Teacher reviews learners’ constructed sentences and group paragraphs, checking:
– correct use of “who” and “whom”
– proper use of verb tense
– accurate identification of regular and irregular verbs
Notes (Expanded & Detailed):
• “Who” is always used as the subject; it is doing the action.
• “Whom” is always used as the object; it receives the action or follows a preposition.
• Learners must memorize irregular verbs, as they don’t follow predictable patterns.
• Recognizing regular and irregular verbs helps learners improve verb tense accuracy.
• Proper use of “who” and “whom” leads to more formal and grammatically correct writing.
• Mastery of these skills helps learners build stronger sentence structures, improve writing clarity, and score better on written assessments.
C – Consolidation (Conclusion & Assessment)
Time: 5–10 minutes
Summary:
• The teacher will ask the students to recall:
– The difference between “who” and “whom.”
– Examples of regular and irregular verbs.
– How to construct sentences correctly using pronouns and verbs.
Evaluation Method (Expanded):
• Exit slip/quiz: Students will write short answers to:
- Correctly fill in blanks with “who” or “whom.”
- Identify regular and irregular verbs in sample sentences.
- Construct one sentence using “who,” one using “whom,” one with a regular verb, and one with an irregular verb.
Teacher will collect and quickly review for understanding
• Provide oral feedback before class ends
Assignment (Expanded):
• Write a short paragraph (5–6 sentences) about your favorite day using correct “who” and “whom” pronouns and including at least two regular verbs and two irregular verbs.
Follow-up Activity:
• In the next lesson, students will read their paragraphs aloud and classmates will identify pronouns and verbs used.
Differentiation / Inclusive Strategies
• Struggling Learners: Provide sentence starters and guided examples.
• Advanced Learners: Challenge them to write complex sentences using multiple pronouns and verbs in different tenses.
• Students with Disabilities: Use visual aids, repeated oral explanations, and peer support.
Teacher’s Reflection (After Class)
• What worked well? ______________________________________________________
• What needs improvement? _________________________________________________
• Students’ engagement level: □ High □ Medium □ Low